In the last 150 years, CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from 280 parts per million to 400 parts per million. This has caused an increase in the average global temperatures by nearly 0.7 °C due to the greenhouse effect. However, the most prosperous states are the highest emitters of greenhouse gases (especially CO2). This indicates a strong relationship between gaseous emissions and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the states. Such a relationship is highly volatile and nonlinear due to its dependence on the technological advancements and constantly changing domestic and international regulatory policies and relations. To analyse such vastly nonlinear relationships, soft computing techniques has been quite effective as they can predict a compact solution for multi-variable parameters without any explicit insight into the internal system functionalities. This paper reports a novel transfer learning based approach for GDP prediction, which we have termed as 'Domain Adapted Transfer Learning for GDP Prediction. In the proposed approach per capita GDP of different nations is predicted using their CO2 emissions via a model trained on the data of any developed or developing economy. Results are comparatively presented considering three well-known regression methods such as Generalized Regression Neural Network, Extreme Learning Machine and Support Vector Regression. Then the proposed approach is used to reliably estimate the missing per capita GDP of some of the war-torn and isolated countries.
In this paper, we present a convergent collocation method with which to find the numerical solution of a generalized fractional integro-differential equation (GFIDE). The presented approach is based on the collocation method using Jacobi poly-fractonomials. The GFIDE is defined in terms of the B-operator introduced recently, and it reduces to Caputo fractional derivative and other fractional derivatives in special cases. The convergence and error analysis of the proposed method are also established. Linear and nonlinear cases of the considered GFIDEs are numerically solved and simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical results.
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