The world population is continuously growing and reached a significant evolution of the society, where the number of people living in cities surpassed the number of people in rural areas. This puts national and local governments under pressure because the limited resources, such as water, electricity, and transports, must thus be optimized to cover the needs of the citizens. Therefore, different tools, from sensors to processes, service, and artificial intelligence, are used to coordinate the usage of infrastructures and assets of the cities to build the so called smart cities. Different definitions and theoretical models of smart cities are given in literature. However, smart city can usually be modelled by a layered architecture, where communication and networking layer plays a central role. In fact, smart city applications lay on collecting field data from different infrastructures and assets, processing these data, taking some intelligent control actions, and sharing information in a secure way. Thus, a two way reliable communications layer is the basis of smart cities. This chapter introduces the basic concepts of this field and focuses on the role of communication technologies in smart cities. Potential technologies for smart cities are discussed, especially the recent wireless technologies adapted to smart city requirements.
The current industrial landscape is becoming increasingly aware of the need to optimize energy use and management for all domains, including telecommunications. Among others, RF Energy Harvesting is a promising technique for 5G systems as an alternative to traditional energy supply sources. This paper presents 5G landscape and ecosystem. It positions RF-Energy Harvesting in 5G context and reviews its techniques. It also considers constraints and research trends for different aspects needed to make RF energy harvesting ready for deployment along with 5G enabling technologies.
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