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Background. Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious public health problem in most developing countries, including Morocco, due to poor and therefore lower quality diets that lack dietary diversity. Objective. The present study aimed to assess dietary diversity and variety and their relationship with micronutrient adequacy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried among 240 children and adolescents with T1D. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary intake data were obtained from two 24-h recalls. A Dietary diversity (DDS) and dietary variety scores (DVS) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and nutritional adequacy ratios (NARs) were calculated and compared according to sociodemographic/anthropometric categories. Results. 52.1% of the patients were female. The mean age of the patients was 8.49 ± 4.1 years. The mean BMI was 19.44 ± 5.24 kg/m2; the mean DDS was 4.62±1.20 and the mean MAR was 0.66 ± 0.11. Older children living in rural areas have a low DDS/DVS. Parental education and income level are associated with DDS/DVS. General and central obesity were significantly elevated in children with high DDS. In addition, a high intake of vegetables, eggs, fiber and micronutrients (Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Zinc, Phosphorus and Vit B1) is associated with a high DDS; however, high DVS is associated with high consumption of dairy products, carbohydrates and low intake of protein and fat. There are also positive correlations between DDS/DVS and NARs for various nutrients. Conclusion. The quality of the respondents’ diets are moderately diversified. DDS or DVS can be used as indicators of micronutrient adequacy in Moroccan T1D children. Nutritional education needs to be strengthened to improve dietary diversity in children, especially in rural areas.

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Background. Currently, T1D is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that more than 1.1 million children and adolescents are living with (T1D). A few studies have evaluated the relationship between dietary intake and glycemic control (GC) in people with T1D, and in particular, children and adolescents. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric characteristics, lipid profile, inflammation, dietary intake and GC in comparison with international guidelines. Materials and methods. The study included a sample of 240 children, aged 15 years old or less with T1D. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-demographic status, disease characteristics, and diet of the participants. Weight, height, and WC were measured and WHtR and BMI were calculated. Biochemical measurements were determined. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-hour recalls. Results. Saturated fat intake was five times higher than recommended. Only 8.3% of participants reached the recommended level of fiber. Overweight, obesity, TC, TG, HDL and CRP were significantly higher in children with poor GC to those with good GC. In addition, participants with poor GC had significantly low intakes of calories, carbohydrates, fiber, MUFAs, and PUFAs and high intakes of fat and SFAs. The use of Bivariate correlation analyses showed that calorie, protein, fat and fiber intake were positively correlated with weight, height, WC, and GO, whereas carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with these parameters. On the contrary, CO showed a negative correlation with calorie, protein, fat and fiber intake and a positive correlation with carbohydrate intake. Conclusions. The results revealed that the dietary quality was poor and adherence to dietary recommendations was low with insufficient fiber intake and excess SFA. These results suggest that GC can be improved by a healthy, balanced diet by increasing fiber intake and limiting SFA intake.

Background. Low birth weight (LBW) is considered to be one of the most important indicators of a newborn's chances of survival, and a major risk of medium- and long-term morbidity. Objective. To identify risk factors associated with low birth weight newborns among pregnant women during childbirth in Moroccan hospital environment with a view to proposing avenues of intervention for its prevention. Material and methods. Data concerning the weight of newborns at birth, nutritional education, pregnancy monitoring and other risk factors, etc. were collected from 312 pregnant women who gave birth in the maternity ward of El-Jadida Provincial Hospital in Morocco. Results. The study identified 156 cases of newborns with LBW and 156 controls of normal-weight newborns. After adjustment for the variables included in the analysis, the determined factors associated with LBW are nutritional education [OR: 6.22 (2.60-14.87), P<0.001], illiterate women [OR: 8.74 (1.65-46.08), P=0.011], insufficient pregnancy monitoring [OR: 5.69 (2.74-11.83),P<0.001], pregnant women with a normal weight [OR: 3.84 (1.73-8.52), P=0.001], lack of psychological support [OR: 3.23 (1.72-6.08), P<0.001] and tiring domestic activity [OR: 2.13 (1.14-3.99), P=0.017]. Conclusion. Promotion of nutrition for pregnant women, proper implementation of maternal health programs and improvement of their social condition are the modifiable factors that should help reduce LBW risk.