Risk factors for low birth weight in El Jadida province, Morocco. Case-control study

Abstract

Background. Low birth weight (LBW) is considered to be one of the most important indicators of a newborn's chances of survival, and a major risk of medium- and long-term morbidity. Objective. To identify risk factors associated with low birth weight newborns among pregnant women during childbirth in Moroccan hospital environment with a view to proposing avenues of intervention for its prevention. Material and methods. Data concerning the weight of newborns at birth, nutritional education, pregnancy monitoring and other risk factors, etc. were collected from 312 pregnant women who gave birth in the maternity ward of El-Jadida Provincial Hospital in Morocco. Results. The study identified 156 cases of newborns with LBW and 156 controls of normal-weight newborns. After adjustment for the variables included in the analysis, the determined factors associated with LBW are nutritional education [OR: 6.22 (2.60-14.87), P<0.001], illiterate women [OR: 8.74 (1.65-46.08), P=0.011], insufficient pregnancy monitoring [OR: 5.69 (2.74-11.83),P<0.001], pregnant women with a normal weight [OR: 3.84 (1.73-8.52), P=0.001], lack of psychological support [OR: 3.23 (1.72-6.08), P<0.001] and tiring domestic activity [OR: 2.13 (1.14-3.99), P=0.017]. Conclusion. Promotion of nutrition for pregnant women, proper implementation of maternal health programs and improvement of their social condition are the modifiable factors that should help reduce LBW risk.

Maternal risk factors for low birth weight infants: A systematic review study

“…Low maternal education is associated with socioeconomic status, which also affects the fulfillment of nutritional needs and social support during pregnancy. Mothers who are illiterate and have completed primary education are more at risk of giving birth to LBW than mothers with secondary and university education [6,7].…”

“…Many studies and literature describe risk factors for low birth weight, providing insight into conditions that may increase the incidence of LBW. LBW is not only associated with baseline maternal characteristics during pre-pregnancy, but also potential risk factors during pregnancy, including maternal age, education level, lifestyle, health status, and disease, where maternal age, education level, and marital status are more closely associated with LBW [4][5][6] . This article aims to review the evidence linking risk factors for LBW using systematic review studies.…”