Buckwheat is a gluten-free pseudo-cereal that is a part of the Polygonaceae family. Grain of buckwheat is a highly healthy component of food and has been found to have a broad variety of beneficial effects. It is cultivated as grain in a popular buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a secondary significance in many countries. It contains certain high-level nutritionally beneficial components and can have other characteristics as functional food. Buckwheat protein is of outstanding quality and, unlike popular cereals, is rich in critical amino acid lysine. Health benefits of this plants include reducing plasma cholesterol level, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic effects and enhancing hypertension symptoms. Buckwheat is also used in gluten free diet in people with celiac disease and in the alleviation of other common disease. It has also been recognized that buckwheat has a prebiotic and antioxidant activity. The key purpose of this review article is to analyze advance work on the health benefits of buckwheat, concentrating on the particular function of its bioactive compounds and the process by which such effects are carried out.

No abstract

Knee replacement surgery is the most common joint replacement surgery in England and Wales. Postoperative radiographs are associated with long-term outcome at both early and late stages, and their correct interpretation is therefore vital. These radiographs will commonly be assessed by surgical trainees, emergency doctors, orthopaedic surgeons, nurse practitioners, and radiologists. The aim of this paper is to provide the reader with a systematic approach to assessing these radiographs, whether it be in the immediate postoperative period or during subsequent follow-ups, and to provide sufficient knowledge to critique the procedure. An outline of prostheses and their indications alongside a comprehensive review of the assessment of important angles, alignment, and correct positioning of femoral and tibial components is presented.

In this work, soap was converted into a hydrocarbon‐rich product through catalytic pyrolysis using cement as a catalyst. The intention was to develop a new economical and effective method for preparing diesel and gasoline from soap waste in food processing. The optimum conditions for pyrolysis were investigated in a batch process under static conditions at different reactor temperatures, catalyst amounts, and reaction durations. The resulting oil product was analyzed using GC‐FID, GC‐MS, and FTIR. The best yield occurred at a reaction temperature of 400 °C for 60 min with 0.3 g/g (30 mass%) catalyst in soap waste, which resulted in 0.71 g/g (71 mass%) hydrocarbons with small fractions of pyran, ketone, and oxygenated compounds of mixed functional groups. The resulting liquid pyrolysate mainly consisted of diesel‐like oil with a small fraction of gasoline and some oils that had boiling‐point temperature ranges similar to kerosene.

No abstract

No abstract

BackgroundCeliac disease (CD) was considered a rare disease before and was perceivably only limited to children but now affects almost 1–2% of the global population. This abrupt increase in prevalence is due to advancements in diagnostic criteria and medical facilities but still many countries lack the basic data that can assess the severity of this health issue. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the common but rarely diagnosed condition with the identification of its underlying secondary ailments.Materials and methodsPatients visiting public sector hospitals were recruited and tested for clinical symptoms secondary to gluten-containing foods (wheat and barley, etc.), followed by serological testing for immunoglobulin A, tissue transglutaminase A, and anti-endomysial antibodies. Only seropositive candidates were included in the endoscopic and biopsy examination for the features of villous atrophy and intestinal cell damage. The secondary ailments including anemia, growth retardation, and gastrointestinal symptoms were also documented for the tested positive patients. The modified European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) criterion was followed throughout the study.ResultsFrom 647 suspected cases from March 2018 to July 2019, 113 were confirmed with CD while 58% were female children and 42% were male children. The majority of them were from a lower class (75%) and 26% of them had a positive family history of CD. A total of 67% of patients with CD were underweight while wasting was observed in 38%, and 80% were stunted as well. Of the positively tested patients with CD, 49% had moderate anemia with 15% having severe anemia. Approximately 33% had hypoalbuminemia as well. The majority of them had a mild to severe range of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatus, eructation, diarrhea, and steatorrhea.ConclusionThe study finding indicates an increased number of patients diagnosed with CD with an excessive sum of secondary ailments, such as anemia, growth failure, growth retardation, malnutrition, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

With the growing scarcity of water, the remediation of water polluted with heavy metals is the need of hour. The present research work is aimed to address this problem by adsorbing heavy metals ions (Pb (II) and Cr (VI)) on modified graphene oxide having an excess of carboxylic acid groups. For this, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with chloroacetic acid to produce carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH). The successful synthesis of graphene oxide and its modification has been confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The increase in surface area of graphene oxide after treatment with chloroacetic acid characterized by BET indicated its successful modification. A batch experiment was conducted to optimize the different factors affecting adsorption of both heavy metals on GO-COOH. After functionalization, we achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 588.23 mg g−1 and 370.37 mg g−1 for Pb and Cr, respectively, by GO-COOH which were high compared to the previously reported adsorbents of this kind. The Langmuir model (R2 = 0.998) and Pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999) confirmed the monolayer adsorption of Pb and Cr on GO-COOH and the chemisorption as the dominant process governing adsorption mechanism. The present work shows that the carboxylation of GO can enhance its adsorption capacity efficiently and may be applicable for the treatment of wastewater.