Providing elderly mental healthcare in Myanmar is challenging due to the growing elderly population and limited health resources. To understand common mental health problems among Myanmar elderly, this study explored the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression among the elderly in the Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Myanmar. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 655 elderly by face-to-face interviews with a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of anxiety and depression were 39.4% (33.5% for males and 42.4% for females) and 35.6% (33.0% for males and 36.9% for females), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of having anxiety was significant for having low education level, having comorbidity, having BMI < 21.3, poor dental health, no social participation, and having no one to consult regarding personal problems, while that of having depression was significant for having comorbidity, having BMI < 21.3, poor vision, and having no one to consult regarding personal problems. The reported prevalence of anxiety and depression indicate the demand for mental healthcare services among Myanmar elderly. Myanmar needs to improve its elderly care, mental healthcare, and social security system to reflect the actual needs of its increasing elderly population. Screening for anxiety and depression among elderly with comorbidities should be promoted. Raising community awareness of mental health, encouraging social participation, and supportive counselling are also essential in combating anxiety and depression among Myanmar elderly.
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a serious migratory rice pest, which is distributed in the broad area of the tropical and temperate Asian-Pacific region. However, we know little about key aspects regarding its evolution such as how they diverged and dispersed worldwide. By resequencing and analyzing 358 BPH genomes from 92 populations across the world, we uncover the genetic relationships among their worldwide populations and the history of their global dispersal. We recovered five genetic groups representing the major population structures. Of these, Australian BPHs were shown large genetic divergence with Asian BPHs; two distinct groups have formed in South and Southeast/East Asia that show strong genetic admixture in the southwest border regions of China and west Thailand with Myanmar; two local populations in Bangladesh and Fujian province of China, respectively, unexpectedly separated with surrounding populations. We also find the genetic similarity and closely phylogenetic relationships between majority of East Asian BPHs and Indo-china peninsula BPHs, indicating that Southeast Asia mainland is the major insect sources and overwintering sites for East Asia.Our study provides important molecular evidence to address BPH evolution and other key aspects of its biology such as insecticides resistance and rice varieties virulence.
Problem-based learning (PBL) has been introduced in the Phase 1 curriculum of Doctor of Medicine programme at Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UCSI University since its inception in 2005. The main objective of this study was to investigate the perception of medical students on problembased learning sessions. A cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 115 medical students from June 2011 to June 2012. Forty nine (42.6%), 31(27%) and 35(30.4%) medical students from first, second and third years respectively participated in the study. The questionnaire included 23 statements to assess the benefits and disadvantages of PBL and the requirements in PBL sessions. Findings revealed that the majority agreed with statements on benefits-PBL motivates students for self-learning (80.9%), enhances discovery of learning issues (78.3%), provides critical thinking skills (71.3%), improves communication skills (80%) and enhances in obtaining new information (85.2%). Sixty percent (n=69) responded that PBL was time consuming and 84 (73.1%) noted that some students dominate while others are passive in the discussion. Overall positive perception on effectiveness of PBL on students' learning was obtained in 79 (68.7%) of respondents and the highest agreement was observed among the second year students (93.5%).
Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among adults aged 18 y and above at the Kampaung kolam, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods:This cross-sectional survey comprised of a semi-structured face to face interview questionnaire and collected anthropometric measurements and sex specific waist circumference in cm. The study population was 70 in total with 21 (30%) males and 49 (70%) females aged 18 y and above were selected by universal sampling. Body mass index (BMI) was used for weight status and sex specific waist circumference (WC) in cm was used for assessment of abdominal or central obesity at risk of metabolic complications associated with obesity.Results: Among men, the prevalence of underweight was 9.5%, normal weight 57.1%, overweight 14.3% and obesity 19.1%, while among women, the prevalence of underweight was 12.2%, normal weight 53.1%, overweight 14.3% and obesity 20.4%. Overall, 18 (25.7%) was obese and 52 (74.3%) was non-obese while sex specific WC in cm 19 (27.1%) was abdominal obese who were at risk of metabolic complication associated with obesity and 51 (72.9%) was not at risk. In chi-square association tests revealed that among respondents, currently married, unemployed and having family history with obesity were associated with generalized obesity while respondents who were currently married and having fast food frequently were associated with abdominal obesity and respondents who being currently married, unemployed and having fast food frequently were more likely to obese in generalized as well as abdominally. Conclusion:There was no association between generalized, abdominal and generalized and abdominal obesity with age, gender, education, flat floor structure, dietary patterns and habits, physical activities, sleep pattern and knowledge and attitude level towards obesity but those factors can be utilized in effective health promotion programmers of weight management strategies by targeting those factors in design for prevention of hypertension, diabetes and related cardio vascular diseases CVD.The above mentioned evidence calls for doing this study to explore the prevalence and factors associated with obesity among adult aged 18 y and above at the Kampung Kolam, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Background Globally, elderly population with impaired cognitive function, such as dementia, has been accelerating, and Myanmar is no exception. However, cognitive function among elderly in Myanmar has rarely been assessed. This study aimed to identify the rate of cognitive impairment and its risk factors among the elderly in Myanmar. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at rural health centers in Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, Myanmar, from December 2018 to January 2019. In total, 757 elderly individuals aged 60 years or over (males: 246 [32.5%], females: 511 [67.5%]) were interviewed using a faceto-face method with a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The rate of impaired cognitive function among participants was 29.9% (males: 23.6%; females: 32.9%). The following participants were more likely to present cognitive impairment: those aged 70-79 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-2.70) and 80 years or older (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.25-6.76); those who were illiterate (AOR = 9.1; 95% CI: 3.82-21.51); and those dependent on family members (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.04-2.44). The elderly livening with their families and those who reported having good health (AOR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.44-0.99) were less likely to have cognitive impairment.
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