A study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the microbiological and physicochemical quality of surface water in the  Nkolafamba subdivision, Center Region of Cameroon. Five sampling points were selected based on several criteria. The bacteria isolated were Mesophilic Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria (BHAM), bacteria that were witnesses to faecal contamination and Pseudomonas. Some abiotic parameters were measured using the usual techniques. The results show that some physicochemical parameters such as temperature was almost constant around 25 °C during the study period. There is also a pH which tended towards neutrality pH de (7,04 ± 1,03 U.C). However, it was noted that the stations are quite oxygenated (63,96%). Bacteriological analyzes revealed that an average value of 5.17 units (logUFC / 100mL) was recorded for BHAM. Overall, the abundances of total coliforms averaged 4.18 units (logUFC / 100mL). The waters of Nkolafamba also harbor a pathogenic microflora, with bacteria such as P. aeruginosa P. pasteurella, the abundance of which can sometimes reach 5,462 units (log CFU / 100mL). These germs can be the cause of eye infections or septicemia on users of these waters. These waters have a high bacterial load, and the microbiological pollution observed is predominantly animal. Some abiotic parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, Suspended Solid (SS), nitrates and turbidity have influenced the distribution of these germs. The degradation of the quality of these waters is favoured by their proximity to sources of pollution, the runoff of contaminated water in the stations. These waters, without any treatment, are not recommended for human consumption according to the standards of the World Health Organization.Keywords: Abiotic variables, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, pathogenic bacteria, rivers.

This study assessed the antibiotics susceptibility of Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. subtilis strains isolated in wells and rainwater samples in Yaounde (Cameroon). Water samples in wells were collected monthly during a long dry season (LDS), a short dry season (SDS), a long rainy season (LRS) and a short rainy season (SRS), and during the LRS and the SRS for rainwater. The antibiotics considered included Imipenem, Amikacin, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sulfamethazol, and Tetracycline. With strains from the groundwater, the antibiotic inhibition diameters varied from 9.13 mm (Sulfametazole during SDS) to 32.78 mm (Imipenem during LDS) with B. thuringiensis, from 8.2 mm (Sulfametazole during SDS) to 35.25 mm (Imipenem during LDS) with B. cereus, and from 5.05 mm (Ofloxacin during LRS) to 29.25 mm (Imipenem during LDS) with B. subtilis. With those from the rainwater, they varied from 4.55 mm (Sulfametazole during LRS) to 25.65mm (Imipenem during LRS) with B. thuringiensis, from 2.13 mm (Imipenem during LRS) to 20.05mm (Imipenem during SRS) with B. cereus, and from 5.03 mm (Gentamicin during SRS) to 25.15mm (Tetracycline during SRS) with B. subtilis. Bacillus strains isolated during LRS were multiresistant to the majority of antibiotics. The inhibition diameters of the most antibiotics varied significantly from one season to another (p<0.05).

A study aimed at evaluating the seasonal variation of Vibrio and Salmonella in the developed groundwater used for drinking water in the commune of Ntui, Center Region of Cameroon was conducted from January to July 2021. The microorganisms sought were Aerobic Heterotrophic Mesophilic Bacteria (BHAM), bacteria of the Vibrio and Salmonella genera. These bacteria were isolated from ten (10) groundwater points by the surface spreading technique on ordinary agar for BHAMs and that of filter membranes on Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose (TCBS) and Salmonella-Shigella (SS) media. for Vibrio and Salmonella respectively. Some abiotic parameters such as temperature, pH, among others were evaluated using the usual techniques.The results show that some physico-chemical parameters such as temperature vary relatively between the sampling points. There is a slightly acidic average pH of 6.86 ± 0.57 U.C which is therefore a function of the lateritic soils crossed by the waters. Bacteriological analyzes revealed that these waters have a high and varied bacterial load. Densities of pathogenic bacteria reached an average of 80 CFU/100mL for Vibrio and 7.4.102 CFU/100mL for Salmonella. The most represented bacterial species identified were Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica. These germs can be the cause of cholera and typhoid epidemics in this municipality. Significant correlations (P<0.05) between bacterial abundances and pH were observed. The degradation of the quality of these waters is caused by their proximity to sources of pollution. According to European Union standards, these waters are not recommended for human consumption without any prior treatment.

No abstract