Air pollution is a major concern throughout the universe due to the effects on living and non-living things. Before an area is said to be polluted, there is the need to carry out a bottom-up or top-down assessment of the environment. Mosses have been widely employed as cheap bioindicators of atmospheric pollution. It reduces the time-frame spent in monitoring and the results are reliable. Several types of research have been undertaken on the spatial and temporal trends in air pollution using mosses. This paper explained what moss is, discussed the cost of biomonitoring using a moss, mapping, and researches undertaken on mosses as bioindicators.
The techniques used in processing cat fish in developing economies of the world are not without several drawbacks. The most prominent is traditional method and this has been known to generate high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addressing the problems faced by processors in the industry, a fish smoker of 50 kg capacity that derives its power from dual heat sources (charcoal and gas) was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. The smoking time was evaluated on the heat sources with and without the use of a suction blower. The fish had a smoking (retention) time of 4 hours when it was processed without the suction blower while the retention time decreased from 4 hours to 3 hours when the suction blower was used. The suction blower also has a significant impact on the moisture content on dry basis (MC d.b.). The MC d.b. values of smoked fish when suction blower was used with charcoal and gas for 4 hours duration were 10.45% and 11.76%, respectively. Without blower, the values were 14.3% and 11.70%, respectively. The processed smoked fish produced was hygienic, not likely to exceed maximum limits of PAHs allowed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency since materials used are stainless steel and the heat sources used were indirectly introduced into the smoking chamber. Hygienic processing and practices of smoked fish and products can ensure food safety in our society.
COVID - 19 is an issue ravaging the whole world. Numerous deaths have been recorded particularly elderly individuals and the most vulnerable. In Nigeria, the case isn't extraordinary. The aim of the study was to quantify the number of cases reported in Nigeria. To this effect, the global literature cited in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) website, the WHO COVID-19 database, other expert-referred scientific articles, and bibliographic databases were used. The results show that as at the sixteenth of May 2020, 288 new affirmed cases and 3 deaths were recorded in Nigeria. Till date, 5445 cases have been affirmed, 778 cases have been released and 171 deaths have been recorded in 34 states and the Federal Capital Territory, While Lagos State is for the most part influenced with 36 deaths in comparison with the cases revealed by the World Health Organization (4,425,485 cases affirmed, 89,269 new cases and 302,059 deaths). The death rate in Nigeria is about 0.05% of the global deaths. The explanation could be because of high temperature (> 30 oC), the intake of garlic, ginger, honey, and heated water by the individuals, and to stop the spread, the Nigerian government has implemented the utilization of nose cover, social distancing, and semi-lockdown of the towns and urban communities. Like HIV and Laser fever this pandemic will be an issue of the past when the adequate vaccine is made available.
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