A proven method of removing contaminants from secondary wastewater being more recently embraced is bioremediation. This paper focuses on phytoremediation of excessive phosphorus and nitrogen using Canna x generalis reeds through a constructed wetland in the domestic wastewater of NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, Udupi District, India. The 30.0m x 6.0m x 1.0m wetland was constructed as an adjoining facility to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of the Institute, for postsecondary treatment. The reeds were transplanted over the gravel bed after being grown for 2 months in the Institution's nursery. Reeds with rhizomes measuring approximately 15cm 3 were planted over the gravel just touching the roots to the effluent, at a density of 4 to 5 clumps per square meter, approximately 30-40cm apart. The compartmentalized wetland is being fed by a 4 inch pipe leading effluent from the Secondary Sedimentation tank at a Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) of 0.02m 3 s -1 and with a Retention Time (R.T) of 3hrs. Replicate Samples were obtained weekly for a period of one month from the raw wastewater inlet, constructed wetland inlet and outlet sewers, and the final effluent from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (W.T.P). Tap water from the Institute was also sampled over same period as the control. These were all subjected to Laboratory analysis for pH, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate and the Phenolic compounds using APHA's Standard Method. Findings revealed that treatment with the Cannas made the Sample slightly more alkaline (pH ranged from 6.73 to 6.76); reduced the turbidity from 30NTU to 20NTU; mean concentration values of Nitrate, Phosphate and Phenolic compounds at the end of treatment were respectively reduced by 51.9, 8.9, and 1.0 % respectively. The study concludes that Canna plant is very efficient in remediating Nitrogen contaminants, fairly effective on Phosphorus and incapable of removing Phenolic compound pollution. Canna x generalis is therefore recommended for Nitrogen bioremediation in domestic wastewater.
Leachates contain varying complex characteristics. The 5 Local Government Areas (LGAs) under this study that characterized leachate are no exceptions. Five aged dumpsites, one per LGA were selected and leachates extracted from them through BS 1377 standard method. Samples were taken seasonally over 2 years and subjected to Laboratory analyses for physical, inorganic, metallic and microbial characteristics. The key leachate contents mean, (pollution indices) included Nickel (0.2 mg/l), Manganese (1.8 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (11.5 mg/l) and Total Coliform (24.3 cfu/ml). Results obtained were compared with the Nigerian Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) standards. The leachate of the area is found to be stable, objectionably coloured, odoured, alkaline, turbid, hard, with moderate recalcitrant organic and biological matters. The study recommends leachate treatment to minimize groundwater pollution.
Leachate pollution from landfills is a major source of environmental hazard in many Nigerian municipalities and there is the need to mitigate its effects. The aim of this study is to examine the leachate pollution and determine the effectiveness of liner system in leachate management of dumpsites in Ogbomosoland. The method of modeling using principles of system dynamics was employed to determine the interrelationships of leachate generation components for 50 years. Causal loops indicating the linkage of population, economic status, waste generation per capita and weather conditions to wastes and leachate generation were developed. A set of state model equations for Gas Produced (G p ), Precipitation (P t ), Degradation water-loss (W g ), Leachate Quantity (LQ n ), were formulated. Leachate management strategies of liner systems were studied, and the effectiveness of Compacted Clay (CC), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Geosynthetic Clay (GC), Silt (SI), Sandy loam (SL), and Sand (SA) liners were examined. A user-friendly computer program for estimating leachate generation per time and breakthrough time for liners was then developed. The results showed that a direct relationship exists between leachate and G p , P t , W g and LQ n . Average leachate breakthrough times for the liners, in years, were CC (41.5), HDPE (14.0), LDPE (10.0), GC (1.1), SI (0.1), SL (0.01), and SA (0.00002). In conclusion, dumpsite leachate pollution was established as having negative effects on the groundwater resource. Compacted Clay liner is therefore recommended for use in curtailing its menace.
Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology includes administering of structured questionnaire, field survey/sampling and laboratory analysis. The first set of questionnaires sought information on water sources, quality, supply and treatment. These were administered in 10 selected major locations which included: Ajegunle, Arinkinkin, Arowomole, Caretaker, Esanu-Aje, Ita-Olola, Malete, Oke-Alapata, Ora-Gada and Sunsun. The other set which was administered in 6 randomly selected Health Institutions viz: Oyo State General Hospital, Alaafia Tayo, Oore-Ofe, Bethel, Favour, and Grace Hospitals had questions on health-related issues. Ten (10) wells were randomly selected for sampling, one in each location. Results were compared with WHO’s Drinking Water Standards. Questionnaires revealed that residents depended mostly on wells for water supply; the water quality was low; supply was irregular; quantity was inadequate and boiling was the commonest treatment method. Health Officials established that some residents consumed improperly treated well water and there were some incidences of water-related diseases. Laboratory analyses showed that samples from Ajegumle and Esanu-Aje had colour values above the standard. Also, the pH was observed to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with values ranging between 6.0 and 8.1. Only Arinkinkin and Ita-Olola areas had permissible values of total alkalinity and Oke-Alapata had the highest chloride value of 400 mg/l while the highest nitrate concentration was at Esanu-Aje (127.58 mg/l). Study concludes that water supply in the area is not fully supportive to health. To abate the problem,
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.