Phytoremediation of Phosphorus and Nitrogen with Canna x generalis Reeds in Domestic Wastewater through NMAMIT Constructed Wetland

Abstract

A proven method of removing contaminants from secondary wastewater being more recently embraced is bioremediation. This paper focuses on phytoremediation of excessive phosphorus and nitrogen using Canna x generalis reeds through a constructed wetland in the domestic wastewater of NMAM Institute of Technology (NMAMIT), Nitte, Udupi District, India. The 30.0m x 6.0m x 1.0m wetland was constructed as an adjoining facility to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) of the Institute, for postsecondary treatment. The reeds were transplanted over the gravel bed after being grown for 2 months in the Institution's nursery. Reeds with rhizomes measuring approximately 15cm 3 were planted over the gravel just touching the roots to the effluent, at a density of 4 to 5 clumps per square meter, approximately 30-40cm apart. The compartmentalized wetland is being fed by a 4 inch pipe leading effluent from the Secondary Sedimentation tank at a Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR) of 0.02m 3 s -1 and with a Retention Time (R.T) of 3hrs. Replicate Samples were obtained weekly for a period of one month from the raw wastewater inlet, constructed wetland inlet and outlet sewers, and the final effluent from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (W.T.P). Tap water from the Institute was also sampled over same period as the control. These were all subjected to Laboratory analysis for pH, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate and the Phenolic compounds using APHA's Standard Method. Findings revealed that treatment with the Cannas made the Sample slightly more alkaline (pH ranged from 6.73 to 6.76); reduced the turbidity from 30NTU to 20NTU; mean concentration values of Nitrate, Phosphate and Phenolic compounds at the end of treatment were respectively reduced by 51.9, 8.9, and 1.0 % respectively. The study concludes that Canna plant is very efficient in remediating Nitrogen contaminants, fairly effective on Phosphorus and incapable of removing Phenolic compound pollution. Canna x generalis is therefore recommended for Nitrogen bioremediation in domestic wastewater.

Cation and anion monitoring in a wastewater treatment pilot project

“…Usually, the incorporation in biological systems prevents the removal of phosphorous by the addition of flocculants and also by the operation of solid separation [51]. The results found for phosphorus removal showed how Hymenachne grumosa is effective for phosphorus removal as it was observed by [52].…”

Uptake of 2,4-bis(Isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine by Canna indica

“…However, most researches still focus on the determination method in the food and environment (Bernardiet al, 2016, Da et al, 2018, Qin et al, 2016. Phytoremediation also was used as the removal of pesticide from the soils (Eevers et al,2017), for wetland vegetations, most researches were focused on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal from hydroponic media (Eevers et al, 2017, Hongxia et al, 2017, as a kind of wetland plant, canna was used as some organic pollutants and heavy mental's removal (Liu et al, 2015, Ojoawo et al, 2015, Subhashini and Swamy, 2014.This study confirmed that Canna was tolerant to 0.5 mg.l-1prometryn, which was a potential wetland plant for pollution remediation induced by herbicide.…”

“…Canna plants not only remove pollutants from the environment and store them in their roots and rhizome, bull also transform some of the pollutants into nortoxic forms (Choudhary, 2011;Macci et al, 2015;Dong et al, 2016;Boonsaner et al, 2011;Cule N, 2012). This plant has experimentally been removed to produce a large amount of biomass in the eutrophic water system, develops a very thick strong fibrous root system in hydropic media, it can be used as phytormemediation plants for improving the water quality of aquaculture (Ojoawo et al, 2015;Chyan et al, 2016).…”

The Effectiveness of Using Hyacinth Plant As Phytoremediation Agent On Paper Industry Liquid Waste

“…Phytoremediation itself utilizes the ability of plants to absorb and eliminate water contamination. In the process, the plant is used as a waste treatment agent, to reduce, transfer, and stabilize contaminants in water [1]. This technique can be done by anyone and anywhere because it is quite easy and economical compared to other techniques [2].…”