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The desire for beautification is promoting the use of cosmetics by humans despite its potential danger due to the presence of heavy metal. The current study is carried out to examine the heavy metal content and associated health risk in fifty (n = 50) cosmetic products in Nigeria five (5) piece each of face powder, eyeliner, primer, Bio clear, Carl white, mascara, lip gloss, eye shadow, foundation, and lipstick are randomly sampled from various shops within Nigeria, and their level of toxic metals is assessed (lead, nickel, cobalt, copper, and chromium) using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All the studied cosmetic samples contain a varying quantity of heavy metals of interest. The health risk assessment method established by the USEPA is adopted to evaluate the possible human health hazard of heavy metals in cosmetics. The overall mean concentration for Pb, Ni, Co, Cu, and Cr are 19.46 ± 0.32, 1.42 ± 0.05, 0.81 ± 0.09, 11.92 ± 0.86, and 5.98 ± 0.46 mg kg−1, respectively. The margin of safety (MoS) values obtained is greater than 100. Even though the concentration of the toxic metals in most of the cosmetic products is in trace amount but the gradual penetration of these metals into the human system may be injurious to the biological system if allowed to accumulate over time. Therefore, it is recommended that the level of toxic metals or the long term exposure to cosmetics should be reduced to minimize the health risk.

The presence and distribution of microplastics (MPs, <5 mm) has been reported worldwide in the aquatic ecosystem and is identified as emerging pollutant that can adversely affect the health of aquatic environment. The production and consumption of plastics has increased tremendously worldwide because of their properties including pliability, low cost, versatility, durability, and lightweight. Currently, the global production of plastics exceeds 320 million tonnes (Mt) per year, with single-use plastic accounting for more than 40% of this total. Because plastic is non-biodegradable, the majority of its annual production accumulates and finally enters the aquatic systems. Aquatic biota may suffer physical damages, fatigue, reduced appetite, blockage of metabolic channels, and altered feeding behavior due to consumption of MPs. Occurrence of MPs in air and food samples has been documented across the world. Thus, the MPs may also pose a great risk to the health of human beings, because of the human exposure to MPs and their concerned harmful contaminants through food chain or ingestion through the air. Due to the vast abundance and deleterious effects of MPs, more studies are focusing on MPs to estimate their dispersion, fate, quantity, and transport in the global aquatic systems. Through this work we have reviewed various analytical techniques of MPs including the collection of samples from surface water and sediments, identification, and quantification. One of the most prevalent techniques for recognizing MPs is visual categorization, which can be improved by combining it with other techniques viz. spectrometry and thermal methods. This review provides an insight about the following objectives: (1) the global occurrence and distribution of MPs, (2) the extensive analysis of effects of MPs on aquatic biota, and (3) the assessment of the current methods for MP sampling and analysis.

The present 12 weeks (4 October 2021 to 26 December 2021) study emphasizes on examining the various air quality parameters i.e. PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 over four different sampling stations i.e. Dwarka (28°32' ,28°38' N ,77°0' ,78°8' E) Knowledge Park III (29.496152°N, 77.536011°E), Sector125 (28.5438° N, 77.3310° E) and Vivek Vihar (28.6712° N, 77.3177° E) using ground-based instruments and satellite remote sensing observation (MERRA-2, OMI and Aura Satellite). The ground based observation shows the mean concentrations of PM2.5 in Dwarka, Knowledge park III, Sector 125, and Vivek Vihar as 279 µg m-3, 274 µg m-3, 294 µg m-3, and 365 µg m-3 respectively. The ground based instrumental concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 were higher than the satellite observations, while as for SO2 and NO2, the mean concentration of satellite based monitoring was higher as compared to others pollutants. A very strong correlations were observed among PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3. A negative and positive weak correlation were observed among pollutant and various meteorological parameters. It has been observed that the wind direction is one of the most prominent parameter to alter the variation of these pollutants. Overall, the present study provides an insight into the noticeable behavior in air pollutants loading trends and, in general, is in less agreement with that relating the findings with those recently recounted by satellite observations.

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