Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) are congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral spine causing sacralisation or lumbarisation. Sacralisation has been defined as an abnormality where one of the transverse processes of L5 vertebra may articulate or fuse with the sacrum. The sacralisation has been studied for almost a century for its association with low back pain as "Bertolotti Syndrome", but there are studies for and against its association. Castellvi in 1984 had propounded a radiographical classification identifying sacralisation in four sub types. Out of this, the Type IIA, is the least prevalent wherein there is a unilateral articulation of the L5 transverse process with the sacral ala. Inspite of the controversy, there is a high association of low back pain with disc degeneration, nerve root compression and degenerative facet joints observed with this condition. It is a widely researched vertebral anomaly for its anatomical, developmental and clinical ramifications.
A horseshoe shaped kidney was found in an approximately 35 years old female cadaver during routine dissection at anatomy lab of our department. Further careful dissection was done in situ and ureter and related blood vessels were identified and painted for identification. The isthmus connecting the inferior poles of the kidneys was ventral to the great abdominal vessels. There were multiple vessels supplying the horseshoe kidney on either side, the ureteric drainage pattern was also not symmetrical. Horseshoe kidney is the commonest renal fusion anomaly found in 1 in 400-600 individuals, it is twice common in males than females. It occurs when kidneys are pushed too close to each other during their relative ascent through arterial fork of umbilical arteries in fetal life. Horseshoe kidney is associated with increased risk of renal calculus. Surgical division of the isthmus improves the renal function even in the absence of any pathology. Due to vascular variations, Angiographyor CT scanning with vascular reconstruction is very helpful when planning surgery on horseshoe kidney.
<p><span>A horseshoe shaped kidney was found in an approximately 35 years old female cadaver during routine dissection at anatomy lab of our department. Further careful dissection was done in situ and ureter and related blood vessels were identified and painted for identification. </span></p><p><span>The isthmus connecting the inferior poles of the kidneys was ventral to the great abdominal vessels. There were multiple vessels supplying the horseshoe kidney on either side, the ureteric drainage pattern was also not symmetrical. </span></p><p><span>Horseshoe kidney is the commonest renal fusion anomaly found in 1 in 400-600 individuals, it is twice common in males than females. It occurs when kidneys are pushed too close to each other during their relative ascent through arterial fork of umbilical arteries in fetal life. </span></p><p><span>Horseshoe kidney is associated with increased risk of renal calculus. Surgical division of the isthmus improves the renal function even in the absence of any pathology. Due to vascular variations, Angiographyor CT scanning with vascular reconstruction is very helpful when planning surgery on horseshoe kidney.</span></p>
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