The change in climatic conditions and its catastrophic effect on mining activities has become a source of worry for mining industries and therefore needs due attention. This study examined the effect some climate factors have on gold production in Ghana. First, a direct Multiple Linear Regression was applied on the climate factors with the aim of determining the relative effect of each factor on gold production which exhibited a time series structure. The consequence is that, the estimates of the coefficients and their standard errors will be wrongly estimated if the time series structure of the errors is ignored. In order to eliminate these deficiencies and better understand the effect of these climate factors on gold production, regression with ARIMA errors technique was employed after its appropriateness has been tested. The model was then compared in terms of prediction accuracy which resulted a MAPE of 9.78%. It was concluded that, gold production in Ghana is positively related to Temperature whilst negatively to Rainfall and Precipitate. It was recommended that mine operators in Ghana could base on this analysis to optimise their production planning and scheduling. Keywords: Gold Production, Climate, Multicollinearity, VIF, Regression Models with ARIMA Errors
Determining the type of vehicles to transport goods between multiple factories and numerous distributors with different demands is one of the major logistic decisions that have to be made by industry players to reduce the cost of operations. A Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) model was used to optimally distribute goods to 105 distributors from two factories across Ghana. The formulated model and analysis show that the existence of multiple vehicles in a fleet purposely for long hauling of goods also renders an optimal minimum cost as compared to a single-vehicle fleet. This optimum minimum cost accounts for 0.2066 of the total cost incurred by the two factories. This resulted in a 25% reduction in transportation cost. Again, a single-vehicle fleet with loading capacity within the mean value of all individual demands gave a minimum cost next to the optimal minimum.
Globally, there has been a rapid increase in biodiversity loss, these losses have been attributed to habitat loss and invasive flora and fauna species. Extensive work has been done on the losses brought about by invasive fauna species, however, the impact of invasive flora species has less been explored in Ghana. This review focused on the various alien plant species found in Ghana and the factors that support their spread, establishment, and colonization. Findings indicate that the common invasive plants in Ghana are Chromolaema odorata, Calopogonium mucunoides, Cedrella ordorata, Leucaena leucocephala, Broussonetia papyrifera and Prosopis glasdulosa, Azardiracta indica, Echinochloa colona, and Leucaena leucocephala. The economic losses and environmental impact of these plant species were also reviewed. This review revealed that there is an urgent need to initiate interventions to control the rapid spread of invasive plant species, those measures should be cost-effective and eco-friendly.
This paper sought to identify the causal relationship between saving and investment in Ghana as these econometric indicators serve as a measure for the economic development and wellbeing of developing countries. Annual time series of Saving and Investment in Ghana spanning from 1980 to 2017 were considered. First, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and the Elliott-Rothenberg-Stock (ERS) tests are carried out to determine the integration order of saving and investment data series. The Johansen's trace and maximum eigenvalue tests for cointegration were performed to ascertain the level of cointegration which suggested a long-run relationship between the saving and investment in Ghana despite potential deviations in the short-run. Finally, the Granger Causality test suggested saving as having a causal relationship with investment, while the reverse indicated no relationship. The study, therefore, recommended intensifying saving, both at the national and household level as a crucial direction for consideration if Ghana intends to finance her investments rather than relying mostly on foreign aid.
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