Many efforts have been devoted to studying the inhibitory effect of Salvadora persica (Miswak) on oral microorganisms. However, information regarding its antibacterial activity against other human pathogens is rare. Particularly, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae. The purpose of this piece of work was to evaluate the antioxidant power and in vitro antibacterial activities of Salvadora persica extract against the three bacterial clinical isolates mentioned above. Therefore, the action of Salvadora persica extract on the three germs, studied via the aromatograms method, has given an inhibition zone 20, 18 and 14 respectively on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae. The methanol extract of Salvadora persica using Soxhlet has given an output of 19%. The antioxidant evaluation, which was performed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), free radical scavenging method, indicated that the methanol extract showed good antioxidant efficiency (IC50 = 15.47 mg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid with (IC50 = 0.097 mg/ml).
Objective: Streptococcus oralis plays an important role in the biofilm formation of dental plaque and the occurrence of periodontal disease. The present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of three essential oils, namely, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, and Rosmarinus officinalis against S. oralis. Methods:The antibacterial activity of essential oils was investigated by diffusion method using sterile discs (or aromatograms). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils showing important antibacterial activity was measured using the broth dilution method.Results: Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three essential oils as determined by the aromatogram technique showed that the essential oil of R. officinalis had no effect on S. oralis, while the latter was extremely sensitive to the other two essential oils, but with a higher efficiency of the essential oil of C. zeylanicum (42 mm diameter) than E. caryophyllata (20 mm diameter). Similarly, the MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were higher for the essential oil of C. zeylanicum than the essential oil of E. caryophyllata. The MBC/MIC ratio is of the order of 2. The essential oils studied therefore appear to exert bactericidal activity against S. oralis. Conclusion:The findings suggest that essential oils of C. zeylanicum and E. caryophyllata may be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics.
Objective: Given the importance of the association between diabetes and periodontal disease, the main objective of the present study was to compare the microbial diversity responsible for gingivitis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Methods: Samples were collected from the oral cavity of 134 patients with gingivitis and categorised into 3 groups (68 non-diabetic patients and 66 diabetic patients; 33 with controlled diabetes and 33 with poorly controlled diabetes). Sample culture was carried out on selective culture media. The identification of isolated strains involved a series of biochemical tests including miniature galleries (API 20E and 20 Strep), the traditional biochemical gallery (tubes) and automated bacterial identification (BD Phoenix™). Results:Identification by biochemical methods made it possible to differentiate 14 bacterial species and one yeast. There was greater bacterial diversity in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients. Periodontal pathogens were isolated from both diabetic and non-diabetic populations; however, certain microbes such as Streptococcus acidominimus, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were present only in diabetics, with a much higher percentage in those with poorly controlled diabetes. Conclusion:Poorly controlled diabetes causes metabolic dysregulation that can increase the severity of periodontal disease.
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