No abstract

Background: COVID-19 is a viral infectious disease leading to a spectrum of clinical complications, especially cardiovascular. Evidence shows that this infection can potentially accompany a worse outcome in pregnant women. Cardiovascular complications in mothers and their fetuses are reported by previous studies. Objective: In this systematic review, we aim to investigate the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 during pregnancy in the mothers and fetus, according to the published literature. Method: We systematically searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords up to April 2022. We included all observational studies reporting cardiovascular complications among COVID-19-affected pregnant women and their fetuses. Results: We included 74 studies containing 47582 pregnant COVID-19 cases. Pre-eclampsia, hypertensive disorders, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, thrombosis formation, alterations in maternal–fetal Doppler patterns, and maternal and fetal arrhythmia were reported as cardiovascular complications. The highest incidences of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia among COVID-19 pregnant cases, reported by studies, were 69% and 62%, and the lowest were 0.5% and 3%. The highest and lowest incidences of fetal bradycardia were 20% and 3%, and regarding fetal tachycardia, 5.4% and 1%, respectively. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can potentially be associated with cardiovascular complications in the mother, particularly pre-eclampsia and heart failure. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy can potentially cause cardiovascular complications in the fetus, particularly arrhythmia.

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Since the first emergence of the novel coronavirus in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and the subsequent pandemic, the disease has become a major matter of concern for global health and affected millions of people all over the world. SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, targets the upper and lower respiratory tracts in most cases. Their involvement would cause pneumonia with symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, fever, sputum production, and rhinorrhea. 1 One of the significant complications related to this virus is the ability of the disease to affect other organs with a wide range of signs and symptoms. Gastrointestinal manifestations (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, etc.), neurological manifestations (e.g., anosmia, ageusia, headache, altered mental status, dizziness, etc.), and multiorgan dysfunction (e.g., metabolic or electrolyte imbalance, etc.) may occur in COVID-19 patients. 2 In this case presentation, we aim to focus on the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19. They can present in different forms and severities, from nonspecific palpitations and chest tightness to life-threatening events such as left ventricular dysfunction (heart failure), acute