Previous studies have reported on the phytotherapeutic potential of propolis from southern Brazil (Urupema, Santa Catarina State), in particular, its efficacy in the treatment of bovine mastitis. The present study evaluates the effect of seasonal variation on the chemical composition of propolis from southern Brazil and its resultant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities in the context of treating bovine mastitis. Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was assessed, along with the cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells. With the exception of spring propolis, the flavonoid quercetin was the main compound present in all samples. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis against S. aureus from mastitic milk was 140 μg/mL for samples collected during the spring, autumn, and winter seasons, but 280 μg/mL for samples collected in summer. For MAC-T cells, the spring propolis extract was more toxic with an IC50 of 120 μg/mL. However, for 120 μg/mL of spring propolis extract, only 0.77% of necrotic and 37% of apoptotic MAC-T cells were found, respectively. Nonetheless, the induction of cell deaththrough apoptosis by propolis extract suggests less severe damage to bovine mammary glands. Moreover, only negligible seasonal variation was found in the chemical composition of propolis from southern Brazil, and no biological activities were determined to be harmful. Therefore, this propolis shows promise as an alternative to commercial antimicrobials in the control of bovine mastitis, offering support for organic milk production.
Discuss this article AbstractMiller is a well-known phytotherapeutic, and Background: Aloe barbadensis parts of its leaves are used for a wide range of medicinal purposes. This study seeks to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of leaf exudate in vitro (LE) from leaves against and MAC-T A. barbadensis Staphylococcus aureus bovine mammary epithelial cells.Seasonal LE samples were collected, and the effect on total Methods: phenolic and aloin contents was determined. Antimicrobial activity of LE was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, and toxicity to MAC-T cells was determined by MTT assay.Samples collected during different seasons of the year showed a Results: seasonal effect on the chemical profile of LE (P<0.05). However, despite these chemical variations, we found no differences in antimicrobial activity against S.For all studied samples, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) aureus. was 1,000 µg/ml. Furthermore, we found an elevated cytotoxic effect of LE on MAC-T cells with a significant reduction in cellular viability at 7.8 µg/ml (P<0.05) and an IC50 of 91.89 µg/ml.Despite the antimicrobial effects of LE, the high toxicity for Conclusions: MAC-T cells suggests that it is unsuitable for intramammary use, but does have potential as a topical antimicrobial.
Background: Aloe barbadensis Miller, also known as Aloe vera is a well-known phytotherapeutic, and parts of its leaves are used for a wide range of medicinal purposes. This study seeks to assess the in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of leaf exudate (LE) from A. barbadensis leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cells. Methods: Seasonal LE samples were collected, and the effect on total phenolic and aloin contents was determined. Antimicrobial activity of LE was evaluated using the broth microdilution method, and toxicity to MAC-T cells was determined by MTT assay. Results: Samples collected during different seasons of the year showed a seasonal effect on the chemical profile of LE (P<0.05). However, despite these chemical variations, we found no differences in antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. For all studied samples, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1,000 µg/mL. Furthermore, we found an elevated cytotoxic effect of LE on MAC-T cells with a significant reduction in cellular viability at 7.8 µg/mL (P<0.05) and an IC50 of 91.89 µg/mL. Conclusions: Despite the antimicrobial effects of LE, the high toxicity for MAC-T cells suggests that it is unsuitable for intramammary use, but does have potential as a topical antimicrobial.
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