Introduction: A child afflicted with facial deformities such
as cleft lip and palate usually affects their parents, because of difficulties in
nutrition, speech, aesthetics and social connections, and also imposing a lot of stress on
them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a happiness program on the
perceived stress in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study in which
64 mothers of children with cleft lip and palate were divided by simple random sampling
into intervention and control groups (n=64). The program of happiness training was
implemented within 10 sessions and the questionnaires of demographics and Cohen perceived
stress were filled out prior to and two months after the last session in intervention
group. Data analysis was done using SPSS Ver.13.
Results: Independent t-test indicated a significant
difference in the perceived stress mean score after training in the intervention and
control groups. Also paired t-test indicated a significant difference in perceived stress
mean score before and after training in the intervention group, but the difference was not
statistically significant for the control group.
Conclusion: Considering the effect of happiness program on
reducing stress in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate, it is recommended
that this model can be used as an intervention in the maternal care for more involvement
in the process of treatment and care of their child, in addition to reduce psychological
problems in the parents.
Neural coding through inhibitory projection pathways remains poorly understood. We analyze the transmission properties of the Purkinje cell (PC) to cerebellar nucleus (CN) pathway in a modeling study using a data set recorded in awake mice containing respiratory rate modulation. We find that inhibitory transmission from tonically active PCs can transmit a behavioral rate code with high fidelity. We parameterized the required population code in PC activity and determined that 20% of PC inputs to a full compartmental CN neuron model need to be rate-comodulated for transmission of a rate code. Rate covariance in PC inputs also accounts for the high coefficient of variation in CN spike trains, while the balance between excitation and inhibition determines spike rate and local spike train variability. Overall, our modeling study can fully account for observed spike train properties of cerebellar output in awake mice, and strongly supports rate coding in the cerebellum.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.