The Effect of Happiness Training Based on Fordyce Model on Perceived Stress in the Mothers of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract

Introduction: A child afflicted with facial deformities such as cleft lip and palate usually affects their parents, because of difficulties in nutrition, speech, aesthetics and social connections, and also imposing a lot of stress on them. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a happiness program on the perceived stress in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study in which 64 mothers of children with cleft lip and palate were divided by simple random sampling into intervention and control groups (n=64). The program of happiness training was implemented within 10 sessions and the questionnaires of demographics and Cohen perceived stress were filled out prior to and two months after the last session in intervention group. Data analysis was done using SPSS Ver.13. Results: Independent t-test indicated a significant difference in the perceived stress mean score after training in the intervention and control groups. Also paired t-test indicated a significant difference in perceived stress mean score before and after training in the intervention group, but the difference was not statistically significant for the control group. Conclusion: Considering the effect of happiness program on reducing stress in the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate, it is recommended that this model can be used as an intervention in the maternal care for more involvement in the process of treatment and care of their child, in addition to reduce psychological problems in the parents.

Factors associated with the presence of cleft lip and / or cleft palate in Brazilian newborns

“…24 Brazil is internationally recognized as the country with the highest rates of cesarean sections in the world, and approximately 40% in the public sector and 80 to 95% in the private sector. 25 In respect to the Apgar score at the 1 st and the 5 th minutes, no studies were found that would confirm the findings of the present study. It is known that babies who presented evaluation by the Apgar score lower than seven in the 1 st and the 5 th minutes revealed more chances to evolve to the death of that babies with scores above eight, 22 reinforcing the need of offering assistance quality at the moment of birth, aiming at the reduction of risk of death of babies with cleft lip and/or cleft palate.…”

“…Low birth weight pointed out as a risk factor also reinforces the findings of the literature, a fact that can be explained by the birth route is chosen, because the majority of babies with cleft lip and/or cleft palate born of scheduled cesarean births, which means that not always are already ripe for the birth, being removed from the intrauterine life before the stage of weight gain. 25,26 Finally, it is worth noting that a multi and interdisciplinary team, with a view to ensuring that it can enjoy all the features of treatment available, must follow the development of a child with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. It is important to consider that, once the treatment has started, properly and early, the chances of the baby with cleft lip and/or cleft palate has a development with quality of life are amplified.…”

“…It is important to consider that, once the treatment has started, properly and early, the chances of the baby with cleft lip and/or cleft palate has a development with quality of life are amplified. [25][26][27] Some limitations related to the use of secondary data, may derive from the incompleteness in relation to filling or underreporting, especially in the case of an ecological study, comparing different regions in Brazil. We yet stress the impossibility of access to additional data, as a division of the disease in syndromic and non-syndromic, as well as maternal habits, which could contribute to the study, but are not available for the whole country.…”

Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Patients With Cancer

“…The maximum total self-esteem score is 50. Validity and reliability of CSEI have been confirmed in previous studies (r=92%) (Hemati et al 2017). In addition, Delaram et al estimated the reliability of this tool as 93% (Delaram et al 2012).…”

The effectiveness of interventions to improve psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with appearance‐affecting health conditions: A systematic review

“…Studies explored a number of AAHCs; six focused on atopic eczema (Chinn et al, 2002;Grillo et al, 2006;Morawska et al, 2016Morawska et al, , 2017aMorawska et al, & 2017bSanter et al, 2014) et al, 2002 & 2006), three on cleft lip and/or palate (Hemati, Abbasi, Oujian, & Kiani, 2017;Hemati, Abbasi, Paki, & Kiani, 2017;Pelchat et al, 1999) and one on burn injuries (Sveen et al, 2017).…”