Though the field of entrepreneurship is continuously growing and mature but still there is a need to explore the role of women entrepreneurship in developing countries. This study highlight, how women execute her entrepreneurial venture while facing different challenges such as cultural, social, and economic constraints etc.? Moreover, how she can play her best role for the welfare of society in developing countries. Our results showed that female entrepreneurial activities herald the optimization of their social and economic wellbeing, moreover it benefits to society through, wealth creation, poverty reduction etc. In this study Gioia methodology was undertaken to explore the women entrepreneur growth route in Pakistan. By the analysis of women personal experience author identified different social, cultural, financial constraints during the growth phase. The new emerging model provide the useful basis for future research imperatives.
Promoting innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing has become essential as it endows companies with competitive advantages to thrive in today's complex business environment. This study investigates the role of workplace spirituality in inducing innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing based on the social exchange theory and the spillover theory. It also looks at the previously unexplored mediating function of employee engagement in the relationship between workplace spirituality and the outcomes above. Additionally, it examines the interactive effect of workplace spirituality and individual spirituality on employee engagement. Two waves of survey data were collected from 538 employees and their managers working in the IT sector in Pakistan. This study contributes to the expanding corpus of research on workplace spirituality, confirming that the latter positively influence innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing. The mediating effect of employee engagement on the relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behaviour and employee wellbeing is also significant. Further, the results confirm that the influence of workplace spirituality on employee engagement is contingent on the degree of individual spirituality. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
Heart failure (HF) contributes to increased hospital readmissions which results in amplified resource burden and morbidity. The conditions of readmission in HF patients have not been clarified. Objectives: To govern the relationship between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and correlation with readmissions ratio. Methods: This prospective cohort study was held in the Adult Cardiology department of Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, Pakistan for 6 months from March 10, 2019 to September 9, 2019. After attaining informed consent, an interview and clinical examination were performed and subjects were divided into exposed and unexposed groups (HFpEF and HFrEF). Patients were followed for readmission within one-month of initial hospitalization. Results: A total of 162 patients with heart failure (81 patients in each group) were included in the study. The mean total age was 65.4 ± 10.4 years, and 52.5% of the patients were male. Rehospitalization on day 30 was observed in 11 (13.6%) patients from the Group A (HFpEF) and in 10 (12.3%) patients from the Group B(HFrEF). Cardiac readmission was more common in the unexposed group than in the exposed group (80.0% vs. 63.6%). Conclusions: After admission due to acute heart failure, patients with HFpEF have a statistically insignificantly higher hospitalization burden compared to patients with HFrEF. In addition, patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction were as likely to be readmitted for cardiovascular reasons as those with HF with reduced ejection fraction.
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