The objectives of current study were to evaluate the effect of botanical extracts as antioxidants on amino-and fatty acids profile of broiler meat. In total, 200 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided according to a completely randomized design into eight dietary treatments with five replicates of five chicks each. Dietary treatments were: A-positive control (PC) with antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants, B-negative control (NC), C-NC+Trigonellafoenum-graecum, D-NC+Nigella sativa seed, E-NC+Violaodorata, F-NC+Trachyspermumammi, G-PC+Trachy spermumammi+Trigonellafoenum-graecum+Violaodorata, and H-NC+ Trachyspermumammi, Trigonellafoenum-graecum and Viola odorata. Meat amino-and fatty acid contents were analyzed after slaughter at 35 days of age. Data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and means were compared by Duncan's Multiple Range test. The levels of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and threonine were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in the H, F, E, H and F groups respectively. Arginine, tryptophan, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in the C, F, E, G and H groups. Total essential amino acid levels were highest (40.36%) in C group (p≤0.05). The meat of H broilers presented significantly higher (p≤0.05) unsaturated fatty acids (54.8%) and omega-3 contents (2.77%) and the lowest saturated fatty acid content (44.8%). Group F present the highest linoleic acid and omega-6 levels and group H the highest (p≤0.05) arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents. It was concluded that botanical extracts aid health-beneficial meat production and the simultaneous inclusion of Trachyspermumammi, Trigonellafoenum-graecum, and Viola odorata in broiler diets is a more suitable option than the other dietary regimes.
Introduction. Multicentric Castleman Disease (MCD) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by lymphadenopathy. The clinical course of MCD is variable; some patients have mild symptoms while others develop hypercytokinemia progressing to organ failure. Severely ill patients often have the TAFRO-variety of MCD characterized by Thrombocytopenia, Anasarca, Fever, Reticulin marrow fibrosis, and Organomegaly. We report on 76 MCD patients: the largest series from a single institution. Methods. Data was collected from our institution and outside records via systematic chart review and standardized survey for self-reported symptoms. Laboratory data represent each patient's most severe episode. TAFRO- and non-TAFRO or "classical" iMCD subtypes were grouped (iMCD) for some analyses. Patients were classified as POEMS-associated MCD when they had MCD with full POEMS syndrome or clear features of POEMS. Results. Forty-nine patients had classical iMCD and 12 TAFRO-iMCD. Fifteen patients had POEMS-associated MCD, of which 8 had coexistent POEMS syndrome. iMCD and POEMS-associated MCD had similar age and sex, but the hyaline vascular variant was more common in iMCD (44.3 vs 6.7%, p=0.006) (Table 1). iMCD patients were more symptomatic in terms of night sweats (61.0 vs 33.3%, p=0.001) and fever (50.8 vs 20%, p=0.031) compared to POEMS-associated MCD, but had similar laboratory characteristics and disease activity (CHAP) scores. TAFRO-iMCD patients were mostly male and had more fever (91.6 vs 42.9%, p=0.002), anasarca (100 vs 24.5%, p<0.0001), higher creatinine (2.6 vs 0.9 mg/dL, p=0.001), poorer CHAP scores (5.5 vs 2.0, p=0.01), and a trend to lower hemoglobin. Interleukin-6 (IL6) levels were not different among groups, but vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was higher in TAFRO-iMCD (328.5 vs 79.5 pg/mL, p=0.034), accounting for anasarca. Commonly-used treatment regimens for iMCD were the anti-IL6/IL6 receptor antibodies siltuximab and tocilizumab (n=41), rituximab ± steroids (n=23), steroids alone (n=13), and chemotherapy (n=7). There was a high rate of response to anti-IL6 therapy (97%) with a treatment failure (TF) rate of 5%. Two further relapses occurred in patients who discontinued therapy. Steroid monotherapy or rituximab + steroids yielded response rates of 46 and 82%, but were marred by high TF rates (85 and 43%). Chemotherapy responses were noted in 7 instances, but TF occurred twice. There were no significant differences in response to therapy comparing the classical and TAFRO-iMCD groups, but both patients failing anti-IL6 therapy had TAFRO-iMCD. Six TAFRO-iMCD patients received chemotherapy and 2 relapsed. Six patients with POEMS and CD underwent autologous stem cell transplant with major improvement in polyneuropathy and MCD; 2 experienced relapse of their MCD and one died of late myelodysplastic syndrome. One improved post irradiation of a plasmacytoma and 1 died of progressive disease. Most MCD patients with POEMS features received rituximab-based therapies; 6/7 were alive and 1 died of sepsis. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) among the three groups (p=0.35) with a median OS of 5.65 years (4 - 9.2, 95% CI) in the iMCD group, 7.9 years (4.5 - 11.8, 95% CI) in POEMS-associated MCD, and 5.85 years (3.2 - 8.7, 95% CI) in the TAFRO group. The 5-year OS was 91%, 94% and 100% for the iMCD, POEMS-associated MCD and TAFRO groups, respectively. Conclusions. In a tertiary referral setting, excellent outcomes were achieved in all subgroups, likely attributed to highly selective therapeutic choices. Anti-IL6 therapy for iMCD was reserved for patients with active disease and laboratory evidence of inflammatory syndrome. Some TAFRO-iMCD patients achieved complete responses with anti-IL6 therapy, while others fared well with chemotherapy. Rituximab-based therapy was given to those with more indolent iMCD and those with POEMS-associated MCD. The polyneuropathy of POEMS benefitted most from transplant. Significant differences were noted in VEGF levels both in POEMS-associated MCD and TAFRO-iMCD compared to classical iMCD cases, with each cohort presenting a distinct clinical picture suggesting differing underlying etiologies and cytokine profiles. IL6 levels were not different among groups, though this may be confounded by effects of prior therapy. A better understanding of the pathobiology of the MCD continuum is essential to developing more targeted therapies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Background: This study elucidated the molecular detection and pathological alterations in broiler chickens naturally infected with field circulating NDV strains along with their phylogenomic dynamics. Methods: Morbid tissue samples of diseased/dead chickens were collected from 100 poultry flocks presented to poultry disease diagnostic laboratories from September 2018 to August 2019. Samples were subjected to molecular detection of NDV along with phylogenetic analysis and subsequent gross and histopathological examination. Result: Based on RT-PCR results, the positivity of NDV was 04/100 (4%). Genetic analysis of the NDV Fusion (F) gene revealed 98.92% and 98.74% similarity with Iranian and Pakistani isolates, respectively. The evolutionary tree showed that present study isolates were placed in a clade belongs to genotype Vll sub-genotype i and l. Necropsy examinations revealed the petechial haemorrhages associated with multifocal necrosis in gastrointestinal and respiratory organs. Besides these pathological findings, amino acid sequence of F gene revealed that study isolates are having pathogenic potential similar to the velogenic strains of NDV. Based on all essential analyses, the present study concluded that the evolution and distribution of the Newcastle disease virus of various genotypes VIIi and VIIl in Pakistan are having significant pathogenic potential. Therefore, it emphasizes developing ND vaccine from indigenous strains for better protection of commercial poultry in Pakistan.
Ten geneta of plant nematode associated with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) were isolated and identified in ten different localities of Balochistan, Pakistan. The most common was Meloidogyne javanica followed by Basiria spp. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis using Ward’s method were performed. The results of the two methods supported each other. Castor and mustard oilcakes and carbofuran, a chemical nematicide were used in treatments against Hoplolaimus Columbus and M. javanica larvae. Mustard oilcake was found to be more effective on H. Columbus while castor oilcake showed effective control on M. javanica. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(1), 61-68, 2021
The economy of Pakistan is facing the problem of the persistent current account and the budget deficit in the past many years. This study addresses the important question of whether the budget deficit affects the current account components of the balance of payments, creating imbalances therein as well. The main objective of this research is to investigate the association between the budget and the current account deficit in Pakistan. The study has taken data from the period 1980-2021. Johansen’s cointegration approach has been applied to find the long-run association and the results imply a positive and considerable long-run association between budget deficit and current account deficit. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) specifies the convergence or deviation of the market in the short run to the long run. The finding shows that there is a long-run connection between the budget and the current account deficit. The study suggests that government should focus on a sound budgeting policy and focus to make exports more competitive in the foreign market.
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