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INTRODUCTION:Fluoride containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) varnishes are now available as (MI Varnish). It has an effect on the remineralization process of demineralized enamel, since it has the highest release of calcium and fluoride ions. OBJECTIVES:To study the remineralizing effect of fluoride varnish containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (MI varnish) on the remineralization of caries-like lesions in primary teeth compared to sodium fluoride varnish. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four freshly extracted primary maxillary incisors with standardized 4x4 windows were immersed in demineralizing solution for four days. Teeth were divided into two groups, group I (n=12 teeth); MI varnish and group II (n=12 teeth); Prevident varnish. They were sectioned into two halves in a buccolingual direction (48 specimens). One half was treated with the remineralizing agent and the other half remained untreated and served as its control. Specimens were assigned into subgroup I A (MI varnish) n=12 specimens, subgroup I B (untreated) n=12 specimens, subgroup II A (Prevident varnish) n=12 specimens and subgroup II B (untreated) n=12 specimens. Specimens were subjected to pH cycling for ten days. The specimens were evaluated quantitatively using energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX). RESULTS: MI varnish treated specimens (subgroup I A) showed significant high mean Ca, Ca/P ratio than the untreated specimens. Also, Prevident varnish treated specimens showed significant high mean Ca, Ca/P ratio than the untreated specimens. Median percent change of Ca/P ratio of MI varnish treated specimens was significantly higher than Prevident varnish treated specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP has a higher remineralization potential of the caries-like lesion in primary teeth in comparison to sodium fluoride varnish.

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INTRODUCTION: Obesity is positively associated with many chronic disorders such as osteoporosis, as it decreases the osteoblastic cell formation, increases the osteoclastic activity and decreases the vascularity of the bone marrow as well. Raloxifene belongs to a class of drugs called selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). It reduces the expression of bone turnover markers and increases bone mineral density. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of Raloxifene in the prevention of osteoporosis of alveolar bone induced by high fat diet in the rats.\ MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty female albino rats were divided randomly into 3 equal groups, (10 rats each) as follows: Group I: control group, Group II: High fat diet group (59.28% of fats in their chow), Group III: High fat diet group (59.28%) with intake of Raloxifene 1mg/ kg once daily for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks all rats were sacrificed, molar segments of the mandibles were dissected and prepared for histological and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: In high fat diet group, there was a significant deterioration in alveolar bone architecture and decrease in its surface area. Bone surface became irregular with multiple osteoclasts. It consisted of thin trabeculae enclosing wide fatty infiltrated bone marrow. In the high fat diet group treated with Raloxifene the alveolar bone surface and architecture relatively returned back to the normal. The histomorphometric results, revealed a significant decrease in the total bone surface area in high fat diet group and a significant restoration of the bone surface area in high fat diet group treated with Raloxifene in relation to control group. CONCLUSIONS: High fat diet can induce alveolar bone osteoporosis and Raloxifene is an effective drug in restoring alveolar bone density and architecture.

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate histologically and radiographically the quality and the quantity of the formed bone after alveolar ridge augmentation using micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic with and without rhBMP-2.Material and methods: Saddle-type alveolar ridge defects (12X7) mm were created in dog mandibles. Defects were grafted with micro-granules of SCPC50 resorbable bioactive ceramic loaded with rhBMP-2 10 μg and covered with collagen membrane. Control groups included defects grafted with SCPC50 granules without rhBMP-2 and un-grafted defects. Radiographs were taken for the dissected defect sites at 2 and 4 months. Radiographs were analyzed for bone density using the ImageJ 1.46 program. Dissected defect sites were then fixed in formalin and processed for histologic and hitomorphometric analysis. Data was statistically analyzed using student t-test and 1-way ANOVA test with p<0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Radiographic analysis of augmented bone revealed bone density equal to or denser than the surrounding native bone in SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2. Qualitative and quantitative histologic evaluation revealed dense well arranged bone trabeculae in both the SCPC50 treated defects with and without rhBMP-2 with more rapid bone formation and graft resorption in the rhBMP-2 group. Maturation of newly formed bone was noted on the periphery and inside the SCPC50 pores. No adverse reactions, excessive bone formation or fluid filled voids were detected.Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that SCPC50 is an effective graft material in alveolar ridge augmentation. SCPC/rhBMP-2 hybrid accelerated bone regeneration and enhanced bone quality and quantity as revealed by radiographic and histologic evaluation.

Egyptian rice variety Sakha 102which characterized byresistantto Blast diseases (Pyricularia grisea),high yield and grain quality, was used to investigate some physical and mechanical properties in order to determine needed designing parameters for handling and storage facilities and milling (dimensions, density, coefficient of friction, compressibility,and shear strength) at different levels of moisture content in the range of 10-30% d.b. The statistical equations relating each parameter to the moisture content were obtained. The results of this study show that length, width, thickness, bulk density, particle density, coefficicient of friction are linear functions of moisture content, within the range of moisture content used. The least of the maximum compressive stress was found to take place at 15% moisture content (d.b). The shear strength and maximum compressive strength decreased with an increase of moisture content.

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Egyptian paddy rice Sakha 105 as a short variety and Jasmine local aromatic as a long variety were used to discuss the physical and engineering properties of agricultural grains. This is to relate the importance of these properties in storage, handling and processing equipment. In this study, it is possible to draw attention of riceindustry producersin Egypt on the need to select the most appropriate transactions according to rice varieties. Some physical and mechanical properties were evaluated at moisture content around13% (wet basis) for the two selected varieties. The average grain length, width and thickness were measured. The equivalent diameter and the weight of 1000 grains were also determined. The kernels sphericity was calculated. The aspect ratio which is used as an indicator of a tendency toward an oblong shape was founded. The surface areaand the volume were determined. The particle density, bulk density, porosity and angle of reposewere measured.The measured values of static shear stress and hardness of a single kernel was determined. Nonlinear model for describing the mass of paddy rice was investigated, too. In this regard mass was estimated with aspect ratio of single variable of kernel dimensions with a very high coefficient of determination for each of short grains (Sakha 105) and for long grains (Jasmine Egyptian) varieties.