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Background and Objectives To compare the efficacy of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), ablative fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser, and their combination in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, both clinically and immuno‐histopathologically. Study Design/Materials and Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into three equal groups. Group 1 received intradermal PRP injection sessions. Group 2 received FCO2 laser sessions. Group 3 received FCO2 laser followed by intradermal PRP injection sessions. Each group received three sessions at monthly intervals. The final assessment took place 3 months after the last session. Skin biopsies were obtained before and 1 month after treatment sessions with pathological evaluation. Results Combined PRP and FCO2 laser‐treated patients had a better clinical response, fewer side effects, and shorter downtime than FCO2 laser alone. PRP‐treated patients had some improvement but significantly lower than the other two groups. Conclusion The current study concluded that a combination of PRP and FCO2 laser is an effective and safe modality in the treatment of atrophic acne scars with better results than PRP or FCO2 laser alone. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC

Atrophic scars that occur after surgical procedure or trauma are considered as a cosmetic problem for patients. Atrophic scarring results usually during wound healing with inadequate production of collagen and connective tissue. Factors that precipitate to the formation of depressed scars include: individual variations in wound healing, wound tension, tissue apposition, and scar contraction. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRP vs carboxytherapy in treatment of atrophic scars. This study included 40 patients with atrophic scars divided into two groups; group A including 20 patients received PRP injection, group B including 20 patients received CO 2 injection. They received the treatment every 4 weeks for four sessions and had follow up for 6 months after the end of treatment. Skin biopsies were taken before and after treatment to evaluate clinical results. There was statistically significant difference between both groups in treating atrophic scars, regarding clinical improvement and patients' satisfaction with better results in group B. Histopathological examination showed significant expression of MMP-1 in group B more than group A. Both methods were safe and effective with minimal side effects with better improvement in patients treated with carboxytherapy than those treated with PRP.

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Because of the enormous beneficial influence that employee retention has on work-related outcomes, it has been the focus of much research for a long time and especially in the field of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs). The importance of highlighting elements that may enhance the beneficial effect of Workplace Fun (WF) and Work-Life Balance (WLB) in increasing employee retention (ER). So this research examines the influence of worklife balance and workplace fun on employee retention, as well as the mediating effect of PerceivedOrganizational Support (POS) and Perceived Coworker Support (PCS) on employee retention. The obtained data were analyzed using a conceptual model. An online survey was used to collect the information. More than 358 surveys and analyses have been conducted utilizing the AMOS. In terms of employee retention, the study found a favorable correlation between workplace fun and work-life balance. The association between workplace fun, work-life balance, and employee retention was mediated by supervisor and coworker support. To assist firms to recognize the value of supervisor support in minimizing bad work outcomes for employees, these findings will be useful.

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Mycobacterium leprae is the organism responsible for causing leprosy, a persistent contagious illness. The inflammasome is a complex of cytosolic proteins that mediates the inflammatory response in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), the latter of which is responsible for the maturation of caspase 1, secretion of IL-1 and IL-18, and a type of cell death known as pyroptosis. One protein, interleukin-1 conversion enzyme (ICE)protease activating factor, was found to be responsible for initiating caspase-1. (IPAF). The aminoterminal CARD domain and its surrounding amino acids confirmed its membership in the NLR protein family, prompting the nomenclature change to NLRC4. In reaction to bacterial infections that target the cytoplasm of host cells, like M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, new data indicates that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the inflammatory response caused by caspase-11. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome follows a classical pathway that begins with the recognition of PAMPs or DAMPs by TLRs, which then activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B)-mediated signaling and upregulates transcription of inactive NLRP3, pro-IL-1, and pro-IL-18. Oligomerization of NLRP3 is the second stage, which is then followed by the formation of a complex containing NLRP3, ASC, and procaspase-1. This results in the synthesis and release of mature IL-1 and IL-18, as well as the selfactivation of pro-caspase-1 into the enzymatically active form by proteolytic cleavage. The clinical course of an infection depends on the result of this first interaction, and it now appears that NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase 1, IL-1, and IL-18 collaborate in a concerted effort to trigger this early reaction.