Objectives: This study aims to assess the frequency rates of sexual problems and associated factors in a cohort of married females with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods:The study included 200 female RA patients (mean age 44.2±9.1 years; range 18 to 55 years) and 100 age matched healthy control females (mean age 42.5±6.3 years; range 18 to 55 years). Mean duration of RA was 5.8±4.1 years. All participants were assessed by Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, Numerical Rating Pain Scale, Sexual Disability Scale, psychiatric interview, Beck Depression Inventory, and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: Majority of the patients had grade II physical disability (62%), moderate pain (55%), depression (46%), and anxiety (77%). Sexual disability and loss of sexual desire and satisfaction were reported in 4% to 77.8% of patients which varied with age, duration of RA, degree of physical disability, and psychiatric comorbidities. Multiple regression analysis showed that scores of sexual disability and loss of sexual desire and satisfaction were significantly associated with scores of Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (β=0.347; p=0.018; β=0.501; p=0.001) and depression (β=0.304; p=0.043; β=0.550; p=0.001). Conclusion:We may conclude that the frequencies of sexual problems in females with RA are high and closely related to physical disability and psychiatric comorbidities.

Back ground: Liver cirrhosis is a serious chronic disease, affects most of body systems and reduce patient's quality of life (QOL). It needs a nursing guidelines to be developed according to patient's needs. Aim of this study was to assess educational needs of liver cirrhosis patients, (assessment of QOL domains, liver cirrhosis health problems and complications) to improve their quality of life. Descriptive research design has been used to carry out this study. Patients and methods:The study sample included 50 male and female patients with liver cirrhosis. Setting internal medical department, Minia University Hospital. Structured interview was utilized for data collection. Three tools were utilized for data collection; Tool I-Liver cirrhosis patient's knowledge questionnaire sheet, Tool II-Knowledge assessment questionnaire, Tool III-Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. Results: the majority of patients were married, housewives, illiterate, and come from rural areas (82%, 50%, 80%, 88% respectively) and their age ranged between 50 and 59 years, patient's QOL domains mean scores were low with worry, activity, fatigue, abdominal and systemic symptoms. The patient's mean knowledge scores about liver cirrhosis, complications, and diet were also low. Conclusion, continuous education of liver cirrhosis patients is needed to prevent complications of cirrhosis and improvement of health related quality of life.

There is limited data on the nutritional status of Egyptians with various etiology of cirrhosis, this study aimed to, assess the nutritional status for patients with liver cirrhosis at Minia University Hospital. Patient and Methods: 100 adult patients with liver cirrhosis (63 male and 37 female with mean age (45.58, 45.11 years respectively) and 20 patients as controls with mean age 42.20 years, the study was conducted at the General Medical Department and outpatient clinic in Minia University Hospital. Assessment of nutritional status was done using (1) anthropometric measurements as mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, triceps skin fold thickness, (2) Biochemical measurements as serum albssessmentmin, hemoglobin, WBCs, total protein, and INR, also; Mini-Assessment sheet was used. Results: the cause of liver cirrhosis among study group was 77% HCV and 22% HBV and 1%Mixed HBV and HCV infection, they were Child Pugh Class B and C (66%, 34% respectively). The most common nutritional risk factors for patients are gastrointestinal problems such as dry mouth, taste alteration, anorexia, nausea, and flatulence Malnutrition was prevalent in 85% of patients in study group in comparison with control group none of them have malnutrition. There is a high statistical significant difference found between liver cirrhosis group and control group in all anthropometric measurements. Conclusion: the majority of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were malnourished regardless the etiology of liver cirrhosis. Identifying the patients that are approaching the state of malnutrition by simple and easily applied methods is necessary in order to provide nutritional support. Follow up and correction of the nutrient deficit is very important and can improve the clinical outcome.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role, the chronic inflammation is associated with air way hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing particularly at night or in the early morning. A Standard defined as benchmark of achievement which is based on a desired level of excellence, it reflects a desired and achievable level of performance against which actual performance can be compared and provides a guide to the knowledge, skills, judgment & attitudes that are needed to practice safely and help to ensure high quality care. (Arun, 2009).The aim of this study is to develop nursing care standards for patients with bronchial asthma. A Descriptive research design was utilized in this study on a convenient sample of 30 nurses, the majority of the nurses 90% their age ranged from 20 -40 years .The most period of working experiences in chest department (60 %) of nurses was 5-10 years. This study was conducted at Sohag university hospitals. Tools utilized for data collection were a) Nurse's Knowledge Questionnaire sheet. b) Observational Checklist. C) Construction of standard nursing care booklet. Results: show that; 40 % of nurses had knowledge regarding bronchial asthma at satisfactory level while 30 % & 30 % of nurses had knowledge regarding nursing care standards of bronchial asthma at unsatisfactory and good level respectively and also had practice regarding applying suctioning at high percentage with Mean ± SD 18.73 ± 1.94 In addition to the result showed that nurses had practice regarding applying pulse oximetry at low percentage of score with Mean ± SD 6.90 ± 3.34, The result showed that nurses had zero percentage in Measuring peak expiratory because it is not applicable to nurses. It was concluded that nurses' practice in the nursing care standard regarding bronchial asthma were unsatisfactory. It was needed to be improved through implementation of proposed nursing care standards of bronchial asthma.