The bioassay-guided isolation of the active extract of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. led to the separation of three main compounds, characterized as stigmasterone, stigmasterol, and friedelinol. The pure form of diketosteroid presented a potential antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.01 mg mL−1 against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals with mastitis infections. The active extract also showed a similar result to that previously obtained with pure diketosteroid when tested with the same isolates. The present study's results demonstrate the potential of this plant as an excipient for the production of antibacterial soaps aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections, especially on small farms.
Upon undergoing biomonitoring, the most active dichloromethane extract retrieved from Senna macranthera roots led to the isolation of three main compounds: emodine, physione, and chrysophanol. In this sequence, these compounds revealed a potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animals with mastitis infections with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 20, 90, and 90 μg mL−1, respectively. Therefore, an herbal soap was also produced from this same active extract. This soap was tested in vitro using gloves contaminated by animals with bovine mastitis that had been discarded after use by milkers and showed similar results to previously tested compounds. These results indicate the potential of this plant as an alternative veterinary medicine for the production of antibacterial soaps that aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections in small Brazilian farms.
The aquatic plant Salvinia auriculata has been shown to possess promising properties for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis. The disease affects cattle health and compromises dairy cattle productivity, resulting in reduced milk production and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, and toxicity of S. auriculata root extracts using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T); determine the chemical composition of the most active extract; and develop an S. auriculata antiseptic solution for pre-and post-milking teat disinfection. Plants were collected during the four seasons of the year. The most active hexane extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which resulted in the isolation of six known compounds, stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione, stigmasterol, friedelinol, β-sitosterol, octadecyl alcohol, and octadecanoic acid. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the most active extract and isolated compounds were determined against nine S. aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis. The efficacy of the S. auriculata teat dip formulation was tested using an excised teat model (ex vivo), and promising results were obtained. The S. auriculata extract formulation proved to be as effective as commercial antimicrobials in reducing log counts in excised teats.
RESUMO-O surgimento de linhagens bacterianas resistentes e os efeitos adversos provenientes dos farmacos antibacterianos fazem a necessidade de pesquisas por novos principios ativos. Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. é conhecida popularmente por suas propriedades medicinais: antibióticas, cicatrizantes e anti-inflamatórias. Infecções por bactérias multirresistentes envolvem várias doenças superficiais e invasivas, inclusive oportunistas, comprometendo pacientes que estão expostos a fatores de risco. A resistência adquirida por espécies como Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus ocorre por processo de mutação gênica associada com a disseminação entre as espécies. Nesse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano e modulador do extrato metanólico das folhas de M. urundeuva Fr. All. em bactérias multirresistentes.. O extrato metanólico foi testado quanto ao seu efeito antibacteriano e em combinação com amicacina e gentamicina, contra P. aeruginosa, E. coli e S. aureus pelo método de microdiluição em caldo. Foi observado que, a associação entre o antibiótico amicacina e o extrato de M. urundeuva apresentaram antagonismo frente P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, e sinergismo frente E. coli. Mas quando o extrato de M. urundeuva é associado ao antibiótico gentamicina apresenta sinergismo frente todas as linhagens testadas. Sendo assim esse trabalho apresenta relevância clínica diante dos testes com P. aeruginosa, E. coli e S. aureus, obtendo ação moduladora contra os microrganismos.
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