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Tunable size synthesis of fluorescent active microspheres with proposed unique chemical structure.

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The design of at hree-dimensional structure for an Ir-basedc atalyst offers ag reat opportunity to improve the electrocatalytic performance and maximize the use of the precious metal. Herein,anovel wet chemical strategyi sr eported for the synthesis of an IrRuMn catalyst with as phere structure and porous features.I nt he synthetic process, the combined use of citric acid and formamide is requisite for the formation of the spheres tructure. This method leads to af avorable 3D IrRuMn sphere structure with many fully exposed active sites. Furthermore, an alloying noble metal, such as Ir or Ru, with the transition metal leads to enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.T he doping of a transition metal, such as Mn, is an interestinge xample, because it exhibits stability and activity in both acidic and alkaline media. For the OER, the IrRuMn sphere catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 260 mV at ac urrent density of 10 mA cm À2 in strongly acidic0 .1 m HClO 4 ,w hichi ss uperior to that of ac ommercial IrO 2 /C catalyst. This approachp rovides an ovel wayt os ynthesize an Ir-based multimetallic spherical electrocatalyst, which exhibits exceptional efficiency for the acidic OER. It will pave the way for new approachestot he practical utilization of PEM electrolyzers.

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