Objective: A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the body, mood, thoughts and behaviors. This study was performed to identify the presence of depression among medical students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 undergraduate medical and basic sciences students. Beck depression inventory (BDI) used for data gathering. Results: Mean score of BDI was 10.4 ± 0.8 and 52.6% of students scored under the depression threshold. Four of them had severe depression. Results showed no significant relationship between depression and age, education, sex, rank of birth or duration of education. Conclusion: Prevalence of depression that can affect the students’ quality of education and social behavior was high in Urmia University of Medical Sciences.

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10.30699/jambs.30.139.129Background & Objective: Breast cancer patients need a variety of skills and abilities to deal with the consequences of the illness. Self-management is one of the operational strategies that leads to disease acceptance, treatment adherence, and improving the quality of life. The use of smartphone applications (apps) can play a pivotal role in the support and self-management of breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the educational contents and technical features of a selfmanagement smartphone app for women with breast cancer in Iran.Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2020. The statistical population of the study consists of 120 women with breast cancer who were selected via simple random sampling. For data collection, a self-designed questionnaire was developed in which validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured. The statistical analysis of the data was made using the SPSS software.Results: From the breast cancer patients' point of view, the most important educational contents of the smartphone app. include information acquisition (4.73), lifestyle management (4.65), symptom management (4.43), psychological management (4.01), and compatibility with changes (3.98) respectively. In terms of technical features the most important characteristics were ease of the app. use (4.83), simple visual interface (4.75), security and privacy of information (4.63), reminders (4.55) and the ability to communicate (4.42). Conclusion:For more effective smartphone apps, educational contents and technical features of apps should be designed based on the needs and preferences of patients. To ensure the use and acceptance of the app., developers should design apps that have technical requirements.

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Iranian family caregivers with regard to the burden of caregiving. This is in the context of illuminating and identifying the experiences of family members from different contextual perspectives. In this qualitative study, purposive sampling was conducted in 2016. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and were analyzed using content analysis. Data analysis identified 4 categories and 8 subcategories: (1) burnout (physical problems and psychoemotional stress), (2) role conflict (balancing caring roles and family responsibilities; failure in professional or educational roles), (3) health system tensions (inadequate support from health professionals; ignorance of family members in health structure), and (4) social challenges of cancer (economic burden; taboo of cancer). In conclusion, nurses need to provide individualized support and counseling that address the sources of burden. This highlights the benefit of training health care professionals to provide culturally sensitive support based on family caregivers' needs and circumstances.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the chief cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with the incidence increasing exponentially particularly in low- to middle-income countries. The increase in the incidence of breast cancer is partly accounted for by increases in life expectancy due to improvements in public health, but also related to an increase in risk factors for cancer including smoking, excess body weight, decreased physical activity, and changes in reproductive activity. Health-promoting lifestyle is therefore one of the major topics of importance in studying chronic illnesses and cancer. Health promotion interventions, including the use of care models, have a vast contribution to make in terms of timely diagnosis and improved survival. One such care model, which has been designed to increase self-care, adherence, and performance in chronic patients, is the continuous care model (CCM). This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the influence of the CCM on the health-promoting lifestyle of patients with breast cancer during 2017-2018. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with breast cancer were chosen by convenience sampling followed by random allocation into treatment and control groups. Six sessions of group discussion were held for the treatment group according to the CCM and items in the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire. Data collection tools included a general health questionnaire, a demographic questionnaire, a family support questionnaire, and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), which respondents completed before and after the intervention. P values ≤ .05 were considered significant. When comparing the mean score of health-promoting lifestyle in both the control and treatment groups, before and after the intervention, significant increases in every dimension were observed. The average overall health promotion lifestyle was revealed to be significantly elevated from 123.48 to 147.12. However, in the control group the mean scores had slightly increased or were the same in all the dimensions. In addition, the average overall health promotion lifestyle had increased from 119.89 to 121.32. The observed difference in mean scores was not statistically significant. The CCM increased the score of health-promoting lifestyle of patients with breast cancer. Therefore, this caring model can be considered an alternative to improve healthy lifestyles of patients with cancer.

Introduction:Conscience is the core of ethical values. It helps nurses protect patients’ rights and provide quality dignified care. Therefore, assessing nurses’ strategies for conscience-based care may help facilitate conscience-based care delivery.Aim:This study aimed to explore nurses’ strategies for conscience-based care delivery.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in 2018 on twelve hospital nurses purposively recruited from four teaching hospitals in Urmia, Iran. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and inductively analyzed through conventional content analysis.Ethical Considerations:This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. All the participants were informed of the aim of the study and a written consent was obtained from each of them. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary and the participants could withdraw at any stage of the study.Results:Participants’ strategies for conscience-based care delivery were grouped into two main themes, namely self-empowerment for clinical role performance and attempt to deliver care beyond the routines.Conclusion:Clinical self-empowerment and attempt to deliver care beyond the routines are nurses’ main psychosocial strategies for conscience-based care delivery. Mentorship programs are recommended for the development of nurses’ time management and clinical skills and thereby, empower them for conscience-based care delivery. Moreover, continuing education programs and curricular revisions are recommended to strengthen their religious beliefs.

Introduction: Medication errors (MEs) are potentially harmful patient safety events in all age groups. MEs are particularly hazardous in the pediatric population, especially with patients who require special attention due to the high incidence and severity of disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of a smartphone messenger application on nursing students’ learning regarding the prevention of MEs in pediatric patients. Methods: We performed this quasi-experimental study with 80 nursing students who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. We collected the data using a researcher-made checklist. We conducted learning through Telegram, a smartphone messenger application (app), for 3 weeks. We analyzed data using SPSS version 16.0 by utilizing descriptive and inferential statistics, and P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The mean age of the students was 23.5 ± 2.9 years. The majority of mistakes related to MEs in the control groups included the lack of proper control of the following: high risk medication administration, medication incompatibility interactions, medication administration card, medication dose calculations, adverse drug event recognition, pharmaceutical name recognition during drug selection, aseptic and sterile technique adherence, microbore IV tubing flush practices, IV drip rate adjustment, and medication administration schedules. The mean scores of students’ performance were significantly different in the knowledge of preventing MEs between the 2 groups. (P = 0.022). Conclusions: Smartphone learning with the Telegram messenger app improves nursing student knowledge regarding the prevention of MEs in pediatric patients. We recommend that this form of learning be used in nursing schools to prevent errors related to medication ordering, dosing, and administration.

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