Inspired by the principles used to market physical products, campaigns to promote pro-environmental behaviour have increasingly emphasized self-interested (for example, economic) reasons for engaging with a self-transcendent cause (that is, protecting the environment) 1,2 . Yet, psychological evidence about values and behaviour suggests that giving self-interested reasons, rather than self-transcending reasons, to carry out a self-transcending action should be ineffective at increasing self-transcending behaviour more generally 3,4 . In other words, such a campaign may fail to cause spillover, or an increase in other, different environmental behaviours 5 . Here we show that recycling rates are dependent on the information participants receive about a separate environmental behaviour, car-sharing (carpooling in the USA). In two experiments, we found that recycling was significantly higher than control when participants received environmental information about car-sharing, but was no different from control when they received financial information or (in experiment 2) received both financial and environmental information. Our results suggest that, congruent with value theory, positive spillover from one environmental message to another behaviour (car-sharing to recycling) may occur primarily when self-transcending reasons alone are made salient.When attempting to persuade people to adopt proenvironmental behaviour, it seems intuitive to persuade them that it is in their own interest. Indeed, many campaigns emphasize financial reasons to change environmental behaviour. For example, the website for the UK's Act on CO 2 campaign points to money-saving features of energy-reducing behaviours and appliances 1 . Similarly, the USA's Environmental Protection Agency often mentions the financial savings associated with the actions it recommends 2 . However, campaigners have recently raised the possibility that this tactic may reduce the scope for positive spillover in pro-environmental behaviours 5 . Spillover refers to the likelihood that the encouragement of one environmental behaviour (for example, through a campaign), or its performance, will lead to the performance of other pro-environmental behaviours in the future. Thøgersen and Crompton argued that financial incentives might actually decrease the likelihood of positive spillover; that is, such incentives may make people less likely to carry out environmental actions in general 5 .The theoretical basis for this concern comes from extant psychological models of values and goals 3,4 -in particular, Schwartz's model of social values 4 . In this model, values that promote selfinterest or self-enhancement (for example, power, wealth) tend to conflict with values that transcend personal interest to consider the welfare of the community (for example, helpfulness, protecting the environment), whereas values that follow intellectual and emotional interests in uncertain directions (for example, creativity, freedom) tend to conflict with values that emphasize protecting

American Muslims represent a heterogeneous population that is underserved by the mental health community, despite increased psychological distress reported since 9/11. This article offers professionals an understanding of the mental health needs of American Muslims. Recommendations for conducting culturally responsive assessments and treatment are offered. Los Musulmanes Americanos representan un grupo de población heterogéneo que no se encuentra suficientemente abastecido por la comunidad de profesionales en salud mental, a pesar de un creciente malestar psicológico observado desde el 9/11. Este artículo of rece a los profesionales un entendimiento de las necesidades en salud mental de los Musulmanes Americanos. Se ofrecen tratamientos y recomendaciones para llevar a cabo evaluaciones culturalmente sensibles.

Discussion over marriage migration in the UK has largely focused on the South Asian groups, identified in survey data as Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi. This paper uses qualitative interviews and national Labour Force Survey data to gain some insights into how UK-born Pakistani and Bangladeshi women view marriage and, in particular, marriage to a partner from their country of origin; the extent to which UK-born Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi women and men marry partners from overseas and the key factors that influence this; and the effect on the level of economic activity for Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi women of marriage to a UK-born/raised partner versus a partner from overseas.

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A crucial area in which information overload is experienced is news consumption. Ever increasing sources and formats are becoming available through a combination of traditional and new (digital) media, including social media. In such an information and media rich environment, understanding how people access and manage news during a global health epidemic like COVID-19 becomes even more important. The designation of the current situation as an infodemic has raised concerns about the quality, accuracy and impact of information. Instances of misinformation are commonplace due, in part, to the speed and pervasive nature of social media and messaging applications in particular. This paper reports on data collected using media diaries from 15 university students in the United Arab Emirates documenting their news consumption in April 2020. Faced with a potentially infinite amount of information and news, participants demonstrate how they are managing news overload (MNO) using a number of complementary strategies. Results show that while consumption patterns vary, all diaries indicate that users’ ability to navigate the news landscape in a way that fulfils their needs is influenced by news sources; platform reliability and verification; sharing activity; and engagement with news.

Limited data exists on alcohol, illicit drug, tobacco, gambling, and non-marital sexual intercourse among Muslim college students; behaviors which are either prohibited or strongly discouraged in Islam. To provide preliminary baseline data, we assessed prevalence of these risk behaviors using a U.S. 2001 national college survey. Of the 10,401 students surveyed, 135 (1.3%) reported they were raised in Muslim families. The past year prevalence of risk behaviors among the 135 students was 46.2% for alcohol, 24.6% for illicit drug use, 37.3% for tobacco use, and 30.4% for gambling. Of the never married students, 53.8% reported ever having had sexual intercourse. Gender differences were significant for tobacco use and gambling. Most Muslim students (58.5%) reported engaging in at least one risk behavior during the past year, of whom a majority (77.6%) engaged in two or more behaviors. In multivariate analyses, higher religiosity was protective against any past year risk behavior. These findings provide critical baseline data on risk behaviors among Muslim students. They also underscore the need for updated information and prevention programs. 6 Sameera Ahmed, Wahiba Abu-Ras, and Cynthia Arfken

American Muslim youth struggle with a flux of developmental, social, cultural, and religious factors that can propel them toward negative attitudes and behavior that impede their development. This paper explores the challenges identified by American Muslim youth, namely the lack of support experienced, issues of identity ad acculturation, difficulties maintaining religious beliefs, and struggle with gender relations. The Positive Youth Development (PYD) model is explored within the context of American Muslim youth. Finally, recommendations are provided to government and community agencies, educational institutions, youth organizations, and the Muslim religious community, in order to better meet the needs of American Muslim youth and promote their positive development.

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