Background and purpose: Pneumonia is the most important respiratory problem in low-to-

Summary.  Inhibitors are a serious complication, considerably increasing the morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment in this patient group [1]. The challenge of treating people with haemophilia (PWH) with inhibitors can be met by a well‐coordinated multidisciplinary team specialized in haemophilia. Each treatment centre must run a screening programme to detect inhibitors within their population and develop protocols to treat these patients. The treatment centre in Buenos Aires developed a screening programme that tests all our patients twice a year, ensuring early detection of inhibitors and early treatment of complications. In 2006, we analysed the quality of life (QOL) of non‐inhibitor patients and compared it with inhibitor patients detected by this programme and found no differences in QOL measured by the SF36 questionnaire and no differences in school absenteeism [2]. When diagnosis of the inhibitor does not come from a screening programme, its presence is suspected upon a lack of response to conventional replacement therapy for musculoskeletal bleeding, losing the ‘golden moment’ of treatment. This complication is much more serious when facing a traumatic bleed. In this situation, the lack of early diagnosis can lead to permanent damage or even death. Due to the cost of bypassing factors and the lack of experience of the medical team in the treatment of patients with inhibitors, many treatments that would improve the QOL of patients are instituted in an insufficient manner. Therefore, patients with haemophilia and inhibitors are often untreated or undertreated in their community. Orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists play a key role in the treatment of these patients and should be included in therapeutic decision making and most specifically in the postoperative treatment of patients with haemophilia and inhibitors. It is important that these patients have quick access to a trained therapeutic team in order to obtain an early diagnosis and treatment plan to prevent the evolution of the pathological process. Early treatment is cost‐effective in maintaining and improving the QOL of patients. Experience in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors is not very extensive. Today, this situation is changing, with several treatment centres beginning to perform surgeries in these most complex patients, giving them a chance to improve their QOL. This article presents the experience of experts from various fields involved in treating patients with inhibitors from a developed and developing world perspective.

Introduction: Physical impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may limit participation in daily living. Physiotherapy could assist in managing these limitations, however, there is a paucity of literature on the physiotherapy management of children in the acute phase of TBI. Objectives: To describe the characteristics, course and outcome of children hospitalized with TBI, with specific reference to the role of physiotherapy. Methods: A retrospective folder review of all children (n = 130, median 5.37 years [IQR 1.88-7.88]) admitted in 2016 with a primary diagnosis of TBI was conducted at a tertiary paediatric hospital. Results: Most cases presented with mild TBI (66.2%). The most common cranial manifestation of the TBI was brain bleeds (80%) and most occurred as a result of road traffic accidents (50%, including both pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents). Physiotherapy was administered in 35 cases (26.9%), with functional interventions, such as mobilizations out of bed, the most common form of therapy (71.4%). Children involved in road traffic accidents, presenting with severe diffuse TBI, resulting in altered tone and coordination problems, admitted to intensive care, monitored with an intracranial pressure or Licox monitor, and receiving occupational therapy and/or been followed up by dieticians, were more likely to receive physiotherapy. The duration of hospitalization (median 4 days [IQR 2-9]) was associated with infections, severity of TBI, presence of an intracranial monitoring, and parietal lobe injury. Conclusion: This is the first study in South Africa investigating standard physiotherapy care in children admitted with TBI. Physiotherapy was provided in a small portion of children and appeared to be well tolerated. However, due to the limited information recorded in the physiotherapy notes, results of this study need to be confirmed in larger, more well-documented studies before generalizations can be made.