Capsicum annuum L. member of family Solanaceae is an important vegetable crop throughout the world. Fusarium wilt of chilli caused by Fusarium oxysporoum f.sp. capsici, is a serious destructive disease, which reduces its yield and is a major threat to the economy. Plant activators play an important role to manage soil born disease. In current study, a pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in the research area of Plant Pathology Department, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Five plant activators K2HPO4, CaCl2, Benzoic acid, Salicylic acid and Alpha-Tocopherol were used to manage the Fusarium wilt of chilli. Soil drenching of each plant activator was applied at three different concentrations 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% after transplantation. Results showed that the minimum incidence of disease, maximum length of shoot, length of root was revealed by K2HPO4 at 0.75% concentration. While benzoic acid exhibit maximum shoot fresh weight, maximum shoot dry weight, fresh root weight and dry root weight at 0.75% concentration. Maximum fresh leaf weight showed by salicylic acid whereas maximum dry leaf weight exhibited by alpha-tocopherol at 0.75% concentration. It was concluded that K2HPO4 at 0.75% concentration is effective to manage Fusarium wiltof chilli that can be used to manage disease in future.
Changing climatic conditions have an impact on the commercial harvest and production of Capsicum annuum L. across the world. It is a summer crop that grows best at 21°C (low) to 37 °C (high) temperature. Changes in normal growth, poor shoot and root length, increased antioxidant activity, low sugar content, high proline content, and poor yield were observed in bell pepper at low temperature stress. A research trial was conducted on bell peppers in the Department of Plant Pathology at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Bell peppers were cultivated hydroponically and alpha-tocopherol control (0ppm), 25ppm, 50ppm, and 100ppm were applied in foliar application. At the reproductive period, a low temperature stress of 18 °C day and 15 °C night was used given. After seven days of foliar spray, plants were exposed to cold temperatures during the day and night. After seven days of stress, the plants were harvested and morphological, physiological, and biochemical data were examined. Plant growth, leaf area, number of leaves, buds, and flowers, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content, cell membrane permeability, total soluble sugar, total reducing sugar, protein contents, and total free amino acid levels were all reduced when exposed to high temperatures. When the stress of low temperature was applied, there was a rise in proline, phenolic, flavonoid, H2O2, MDA, enzymatic antioxidants SOD, CAT, POD, and in APX. Under temperature stress, foliar application of alpha-tocopherol significantly improved CAT, POD, APX activity, decreased MDA, H2O2, and improved proline content. Exogenously administered alpha-tocopherol was found to be effective in boosting capsicum growth and antioxidant capability under low temperature stress.
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