Different diseases conditions and stress factors are responsible for high morbidity and mortality of present day poultry. Nutritional strategy and proper feed formulation with specific dietary regimen can combat this up to a certain extent. The incidence of various infectious diseases, nervous disorders and metabolic disorders can be minimized through proper feed regimen. There is a stiff competition and restrictions in the global market of poultry products which can be addressed with proper management of emerging and important diseases with economic productions and quality poultry products free of elements detrimental to human health. Researchers have made efforts to prevent such damage to poultry and poultry product through dietary manipulations. Heat stress can lead to a reduction in the defense mechanisms of birds or to a relative state of immunosuppression. The health status of the poultry is facing new challenges today which can be suitably addressed by the right scientific and advanced nutritional manoeuvres and make the poultry farming more profitable and presentable in the global market.
There is a dearth of literature on animal husbandry practices of Mizoram where people have traditionally been rearing pig and chicken along with subsistence cropping. A case study was conducted in a village of Mizoram to study animal husbandry practices followed by the livestock keepers to help R&D professionals plan and implement livestock development programs. Case study was done following the principles and methods of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Study reveals that pig, cattle, chicken, goat and duck were reared in the village. Besides green fodder, cattle were fed wheat flour and wheat bran; pigs were fed home-made feed; chickens were fed broiler ration and rice grain. Cattle and pigs were bred through artificial insemination (AI). Pigs were housed in traditional wooden pigsty. Chicken were sheltered in traditional coop during night, and cattle were sheltered in cattle shed. Villagers were depended on veterinary dispensary for livestock health care. Vaccination and deworming was done regularly in cattle and pig. Milk was sold to Mizoram Multi Commodity Producers Cooperative Union (MULCO) or middlemen. Pigs were slaughtered and sold as pork in the village. Rarely, cattle and chicken were also slaughtered and sold in the village. Eggs were rarely available and sold. Dung was used in bio-gas, or stored and sold as manure in nearby places. There is a scope to improve animal husbandry practices provided remunerative marketing facilities are there. Materials and MethodsA field study was carried out in a purposively selected village named Muthi in Aizawl district of Mizoram in the month of February 2017. The village was located two-km away from the main road towards Thuampui, and 13 km from Aizawl city. The condition of the two-km approach road to the village was not good which becomes worse during rainy season. AbstractArticle History
The women's contribution in the farming sector with respect to participation and decision making has largely been ignored. Though women performed more than four-fifth of agricultural work, their decision were accepted less than one-third of the case. The objective of present study were to find out women and their role in farming decision. The present study was conducted in Barmer district of Rajasthan. There are 3 block namely Barmer, Sheo, Chohtan. Forty women from each block were selected randomly thus making a total sample of 120 were interviewed with structure interviewed schedule. Results revealed that the male member of the family participated in decision making process of farm activities. This is not surprising because the joint family system is still prevalent where women have no role to play in decision making. In case of selection of seeds, quality of seeds, type of pesticide, time of harvesting, vaccination, calving of animals, foods of animals, maintenance of agricultural equipment, applying fertilizer, all decision were taken by elder person of the family. In all these cases women's decision was almost negligible. Further, more than 50 per cent of decision in the area of home science were taken by the women such as preservation of fruits and vegetables, food to be cooked, income of the family, saving in the family and child care practices. Further it showed that although women earned and saved the money by working in the field but their decisions were still centered to the kitchen only. It was also concluded that in financial matter, the involvement of women was less.
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