Background: Surgical root canal retreatment is required when peri-radicular pathosis associated with endodontically treated teeth cannot be treated by non-surgical root canal therapy (retreatment), or when retreatment was ineffective, not feasible or contraindicated. Endodontic failures maybe happen when irritants remain within the confines of the root canal, or when an extra-radicular infection cannot be eradicated by orthograde root canal treatment. Following enhanced microsurgical techniques in the last years, the success rates of surgical root canal retreatment have improved considerably.Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to gather updated data in regard to the surgical root canal (retrograde) retreatment to heal the periapical lesions.Materials and methods: The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in this review using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was performed in June 2019 and updated in November 2019. Among 3900 studies, 10 studies satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included in the review to be analyzed.Results: The 10 studies showed the importance of surgical root canal retreatment as a treatment option in removing infections within the root canal system and its efficiency in periapical tissue healing. These studies investigated different aspects of healing of periapical lesion after surgical (retrograde) retreatment including success rates, follow-up duration, and updated studies in surgical (retrograde) retreatment.Conclusions: Surgical root canal (retrograde) retreatment demonstrates its efficiency in reducing the period needed for healing of the periapical lesions in short-term follow-up compared to conventional orthograde retreatment.
Objectives Many countries have enforced lockdowns on their populations due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the effects of the lockdown on dental students. Methods A longitudinal, repeated cross‐sectional study was conducted to evaluate psychological problems experienced by dental students during the COVID‐19 lockdown in Saudi Arabia. The dental students were selected from different universities using 2‐stage cluster sampling. The validated Arabic version of the 21‐item depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire was distributed at the beginning and end of the lockdown. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used as appropriate. Chi‐square test was used to compare the proportions between the sociodemographic data, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with the students’ responses. Results A total of 1287 respondents participated in this study (695 first‐survey respondents, 592 second‐survey respondents). There were longitudinally significant differences in the students’ mental health outcomes based on gender, university, class year, and survey time during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The lockdown increased the likelihood of female, single, and junior students experiencing stress. The students who lived alone recorded a high chance of elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, which showed a significant longitudinal reduction during the lockdown. Moreover, the lockdown increased the likelihood of mental health problems among the students staying in households of two persons or two‐five persons. Conclusions This study indicates the importance of considering the detrimental mental health consequences on dental students in the event of future pandemics.
Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a condition that causes patient discomfort. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Gluma, fluoride varnish and Tetric N-Bond self-etch system in relieving DH immediately and over 30 days following a single topical application. The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 55 patients with an age range 20–49 years. 70 teeth in total were incorporated and randomly assigned to the three groups. Parameters examined were: Tactile, air blast, and cold stimuli. VAS was used to assess tactile stimulus whereas the Schiff Cold Scale for air blast and cold stimuli. DH was evaluated immediately, at two weeks and 1 month follow up. Gluma showed a statistically significant reduction in DH scores over other materials. It was concluded that Gluma have statistically significant results over other materials in relieving DH immediately and over 30 days following a single topical application.Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04351412, King Abdulaziz University Protocol Record 129-09-19. Registered 17 April 2020 – Retrospectively registered. http://ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04351412.
Background: Recognizing the anatomical differences in the location of the mental-foramen (MF) is essential for various dental procedures. The purpose of this study to determine horizontal and vertical anatomical localization of MF in relation to the apex of second premolar, mandibular midline, superiorborder of the mandible and inferior-border of the mandible. Methods: A retrospective cone beam computerized tomography was used for assessment the horizontal and vertical anatomical localization of MF in relation to the apex of second premolar, mandibular midline, superior-border of the mandibular and inferior border of the mandibular. A cone beam computerized tomography was obtained from Saudi patients visiting university dental clinics in western region, Saudi Arabia. X-rays were taken for a variety of diagnostic purposes. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS® version 26.0 for Windows (IBM®, Armonk, NY, USA), descriptive statistics of connected to age and gender. Results: In this study, CBCT images of the mandible were obtained from 500 patients. 39% of them were males and 61% were females. Almost half cases 49.8% showed mental foremen under the second premolar's apex in relation to the teeth on each side of the mandible, while, 32.2% of MF between 1st and 2nd pre-molar. Conclusion: Anatomical localization of MF was most frequently seenbelow the second-premolar among Saudi population. When doing dental implant, surgical extraction and surgical endodontic treatment in the premolar region, the anatomic location of the MF must be taken into consideration.
Background: Magnifying loupes in dentistry have three key objectives: To improve visibility, compensate for the lack of near vision presbyopia and maintain proper posture. The study aims to determine the prevalence and consciousness of using magnification devices during restorative procedures among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study group included all dental practitioners aged above 18 years. The outcomes of this study were analyzed using the SPSS program using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: The study included 634 participants as follows; 56.9% females; 43.1% males; 46% dental interns; 35.8% General Dentists; 47.9% from the western region; 33.9% from the Central region. 55.7% of participants were using magnification devices and 44.3% were not using magnification devices. 32 percent of respondents thought that the expensive price of the magnification equipment was a barrier to its use. In comparison, 27.1% found no reason to hold back from buying the magnifying loupes. The rest of the participants found excuses for not buying; 17.1% chose discomfort; 16.1% chose lack of training; 7.7 of Dental practitioners decided to wear glasses. Conclusion:The findings revealed that, while most practitioners were aware of dental magnification, their use in clinical practice could have been better. Dental practitioners have moderate knowledge of the usage of dental magnification during restorative procedures.
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