Background
Obesity seem to regulate peri‐implant health. It is proposed that peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 are higher in obese as compared to nonobese individuals.
Objective
The purpose of the present clinico‐laboratory study is to estimate and compare the clinical and radiographic indices and PICF levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 among obese and nonobese patients.
Materials and Methods
Fifty patients were divided into two groups (25 obese with ≥27.5 kg/m2 and 25 nonobese with <27.5 kg/m2 individuals). Clinical indices for both periodontal and peri‐implant evaluating plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded around teeth and implants. PICF was collected and assessed for the levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
A significant difference was observed in PI and BOP around natural teeth and implants in obese patients, respectively (P < .05). CBL was found to be significantly higher among obese as compared to nonobese patients (P = .022). Peri‐implant and periodontal PD was higher in obese as compared to nonobese but did not reach statistical significance. Levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 were statistically significantly higher among obese patients as compared to nonobese (P = .001). Pearson correlation analysis showed IL‐1β was positively correlated with CBL (P = .0079), whereas IL‐6 showed positive correlation with both BOP (P = .0019) and CBL (P = .015) among obese patients.
Conclusions
Clinical peri‐implant parameters were worse and proinflammatory biomarkers were significantly higher in obese patients compared with nonobese subjects. The findings of the present study suggests that increased proinflammatory biomarkers in PICF of obese patients may modulate peri‐implant inflammation around dental implants.
The objective was to formulate and analyze a dentin adhesive incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticle and calcium phosphate (CaP) composite. Methods comprising of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro‐Raman spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize nanoparticle composite, dentin bond toughness, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive‐dentin interaction. Postsynthesis of GO nanoparticles, they were functionalized with CaP using standard process. The GO‐CaP composite was not added to experimental adhesive (negative control group, GO‐CaP‐0%), and added at 2.5 and 5 wt% to yield GO‐CaP‐2.5% and GO‐CaP 5% groups, respectively. Teeth were set to form bonded samples utilizing adhesives in three groups for SBS testing, with and without thermocycling. The homogenous diffusion of GO‐CaP composite was verified in the adhesive. Resin tags having standard penetrations were observed on SEM micrographs. The EDX analysis confirmed the occurrence of calcium, phosphorus, and carbon ions in the composite containing adhesives. The SBS test revealed highest mean values for GO‐CaP‐5% followed by GO‐CaP‐2.5%. The FTIR spectra verified the presence of apatite peaks and the micro‐Raman spectra showed characteristic D and G bands for GO nanoparticles. GO‐CaP composite in dentin adhesive may improve its bond strength. The addition of 5 wt% resulted in a bond strength that was superior to all other groups. GO‐CaP‐5% group demonstrated lower DC (to control), uniform distribution of GO and CaP composite within adhesive, appropriate dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.
Artificial teeth debonding from their denture bases is a common complication in dental practice. The current study evaluates different repairing techniques. Within the limitation of this study, the use of cyanoacrylate adhesive in combination with microwave polymerization is one of the best techniques of repairing denture teeth debonding.
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