It is recommended that such ACP programmes should be integrated into nursing home care practice, as they can be initiated in a relaxed atmosphere and maintained as an ongoing process. The trusting relationship between the nurse in the homes and the residents enables in-depth discussion. The nurse is also well placed to play the facilitator role in guiding the process, providing information and mediating the family discussion.

The results reveal the major QOL concerns among the older residents living in long-term care facilities. This study, which is an initial step in profiling the older people's end-of-life care preferences, also shed light on how to formulate advance care planning in long-term care facilities.

The hypothetical framework can be used to guide healthcare providers in developing strategies to foster normative beliefs of older people in vaccination, provide effective action cues and promote vaccine access.

The Braden Scale is more suitable for use in a rehabilitation hospital.