This longitudinal study examined academic self‐efficacy and performance among Science/Technology/Engineering/Math (STEM) majors who are underrepresented in STEM education and occupations; i.e., women, specific ethnic minorities, and low‐socioeconomic status (SES) individuals. Performance on academic tests and self‐perceptions of academic skills were assessed at admission and graduation from a STEM mentoring program. At admission, women perceived themselves as academically weaker than men despite similar academic performance. However, by graduation, women's academic self‐efficacy was equivalent to men's. In addition, students with double STEM‐minority statuses, by ethnicity and SES, had lower academic self‐efficacy and performance than d id students with single STEM‐minority status. Exploratory analyses of change over time by ethnic/SES groups showed varying patterns of change that depended on the outcome variable. This study's finding of an increase in academic self‐efficacy for women and students with STEM‐minority status by both ethnicity and SES at graduation from a mentoring program is perhaps an indication of the positive impact of mentoring. The mixed findings at program completion for students with single versus double STEM‐minority status call for attention to the complex relationship between social disadvantage, academic self‐efficacy, and academic performance.

This survey was conducted by NORC at the University of Chicago. Data were collected using the AmeriSpeak panel, NORC's probability based panel designed to be representative of the U.S. household population. Panel members were randomly drawn from AmeriSpeak. The final stage completion rate is 33.9%. The overall margin of sampling error is +/-4.28 percentage points at the 95 percent confidence level, including the design effect. The margin of sampling error may be higher for subgroups. Once the sample has been selected and fielded, and all the study data have been collected and made final, a post-stratification process is used to adjust for any survey nonresponse as well as any non-coverage or under and oversampling resulting from the study specific sample design. Post-stratification variables included age, gender, census division, race/ethnicity, and education. Weighting variables were obtained from the 2018 Current Population Survey. The weighted data reflects the U.S. population of adults age 70 and over. NOTE: All results show percentages among respondents, unless otherwise labeled.

Since the 1998 publication of the groundbreaking Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Kaiser Permanente, increased research and funding has focused on mitigating experiences that place children at risk for developmental disruption. Surprisingly, the death of a parent, sibling, or other important attachment figure-often noted as one of the most disruptive and potentially traumatic experiences for a child-has received relatively little attention in these efforts. This article explores the current landscape of support for grieving children and families- including significant barriers to care and gaps in empirical knowledge. Given the complexity of the issue and the nascent state of the childhood bereavement field, it is fertile ground for social innovations that challenge current norms. In addition, the argument is made for a strengths-based, wellness approach to childhood bereavement that seizes upon opportunities to both promote adaptive adjustment and prevent further complications of unaddressed grief and trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record

Pathfinders is a 10-session program developed in a community setting to creatively address the diverse needs of bereaved children and families, prevent complications of grief and trauma, and promote healthy adaptation. It is an accessible, grief-focused and trauma-informed family systems model that is theory-driven, research-informed, and grounded in practice-based evidence. Pathfinders incorporates principles central to narrative approaches, with a focus on restorative processes for helping children and families stay on track developmentally. This article outlines the structure, process, and content of Pathfinders, including examples of creative interventions used within the program.

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate suicidal self-directed violence and homelessness among US military veterans, and identify existing suicide prevention strategies. In November 2015, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles published since 1990 investigating self-directed violence among homeless veterans were identified. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively. Nineteen observational studies were included. Suicide ideation rates were 1.3% (current), 7.0% (past week), 12.1%-18% (past 30 days), and 74% (lifetime). Suicide attempt rates were 0%-6% (past 30 days), 30.7%-31.5% (past 5 years), and 15%-46.6% (lifetime). Death by suicide rate was 81.0 per 100,000. No interventional studies to prevent self-directed violence among homeless veterans were identified. Homeless veterans are at risk for self-directed violence, suggesting the need for research to examine preventive strategies. A comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention needs to focus on vulnerable populations, including homeless veterans.