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Background-Local anesthetic toxicity has been well-documented to cause neuronal injury, death, and dysfunction, particularly in a susceptible nerve. Objective-To determine whether select local anesthetics affect neuron survival and/or functional recovery of an injured nerve. Methods-This report describes 6 separate experiments that test immediate or delayed application of local anesthetics in 3 nerve injury models. Adult C57/black6 male mice underwent a facial nerve sham, transection, or crush injury. Local anesthetic or saline was applied to the facial nerve at the time of injury (immediate) or 1 day after injury (delayed). Average percent facial motoneuron (FMN) survival was evaluated four-weeks after injury. Facial nerve regeneration was estimated by observing functional recovery of eye blink reflex and vibrissae movement after facial nerve crush injury. Results-FMN survival after: transection + immediate treatment with ropivacaine (54.8%), bupivacaine (63.2%), or tetracaine (66.9%) was lower than saline (85.5%) and liposomal bupivacaine (85.0%); crush + immediate treatment with bupivacaine (92.8%) was lower than saline (100.7%) and liposomal bupivacaine (99.3%); sham + delayed treatment with bupivacaine (89.9%) was lower than saline (96.6%) and lidocaine (99.5%); transection + delayed treatment with bupivacaine (67.3%) was lower than saline (78.4%) and liposomal bupivacaine (77.6%);

The aim of this study was to determine if contralateral knee range of motion is associated with postoperative range of motion in the operative knee after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Contralateral (nonoperative) knee range of motion was compared to postoperative knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty using linear regression models in 59 patients who had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty with a minimum of 4 months postoperative follow-up data (range 4-13 months). Results: A strong linear relationship was observed between contralateral knee ranges of motion of 115°or greater and postoperative knee ranges of motion after total knee arthroplasty (slope 0.93, 95% CI 0.58-1.29, P < 0.0001), with a mean difference of −7.44°(95% CI −10.3 to −4.63, P < 0.0001). However, there was no association between contralateral knee range of motion and postoperative knee range of motion when contralateral knee range of motion was less than 115°. Conclusion: Contralateral knee range of motion of 115°or greater correlates linearly with postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty, and thus may be predictive in such cases.

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