Hyperlipidemia has been related to sever health outcome include cardiovascular complication, metabolic disorders and infertility. Moreover, obesity has also been linked to dangerous effects on testicular morphology, spermatogenesis and sperm malformation. Many studies using different herbal medicines exert protective and therapeutic effect on the testes, spermatogenesis and fertility in animals fed high fat diet. Objective: this study aimed to find out the protective effect of cinnamon on testes of albino rat fed high fat diet (HFD). Forty adult male albino rats were selected and equally divided into 4 groups. Group 1: animals of this group were fed standard diet. Group 2: rats were fed standard diet and cinnamon "15% weight by weight, w/w" for 8 weeks. Group 3: animals in this group were fed HFD (2% cholesterol, 15 % sucrose, 15% corn, 15% cocoa butter, starch and 4.7% cellulose) for 8 weeks. Group 4: animals in this group were fed HFD and cinnamon. At the end of 4 weeks half animals were sacrificed and the rest of animals were sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks and blood samples were collected to assay the testosterone level. As well as testes were taken and prepared for both histological and ultrastructure studies. Histological examination of testicular tissue of HFD-fed animals revealed many pathological changes include degenerated seminiferous tubules, distorted germinal layers and interstitial tissue appeared degenerated with intertubular hemorrhage. Ultrastructural observations showed severe degenerated features including both different types of spermatogonia and interstitial tissue. On the other hand, both histological and ultrastructural alterations were substantially but not completely protect in obese animals fed HFD and cinnamon for 4 weeks while advanced degree of improvement tissue appeared after 8 weeks of the same treatment. As well as, significantly increase in the level of testosterone was recorded when compared with HFD-fed animals. The present work concluded that cinnamon dietary uptake may improve testicular damage induced by HFD as it has anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antioxidant activities.
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Gervital on testicular damage induced by the anticancer drug, methotrexate (MXT), in adult male albino rats. Forty male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five experimental groups (8 animals in each one) Group 1: served as control group. Group 2: animals of this group were orally administered grape seed extract only at a dose level of 150mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. Group 3: animals of this group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of MXT (8mg/kg body weight) per week for 4 weeks. Group 4: animals of this group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of MXT followed by grape seed extract (GSE) daily for 28 days. Group 5: animals of this group were pretreated with GSE followed by MXT. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for the biochemical study and testes were removed and prepared for histological and ultrastructural studies. Results: Methotrexate significantly reduced the final body and testes weight. Histological observations: several pathological changes were observed in the testicular tissues. These changes include degenerated seminiferous tubules, distorted spermatogenic cells and degenerated interstitial tissue with hemorrhage.Ultrastructural examination showed various severe degenerated features after MXT treatment including types A&B spermatogonia, round and elongated spermatids. On the other hand, GSE administration showed advanced degree of improvement in all the histopathological and ultrastructural changes; the testicular tissues appeared mostly normal.Biochemical analysis revealed that MXT injection significantly reduced serum testosterone level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity while, it significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Otherwise, administration of gervital restored the previous
Background
Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. Sofosbuvir (sofo) is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of HCV NS5B polymerase used to treat chronic hepatitis C infection as a component of a combination of antiviral treatment regimen. Many side effects of sofo were reported in different mammalian organs including kidney. Moringa oleifera (MO) is one of the medicinal plants which have many pharmacological activities and nutritional applications due to its rich phytonutrients content. This study aimed to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of MO seed oil against nephrotoxicity induced by sofo in adult male albino rats. The experimental animals were divided equally into four groups. Group I: animals were served as control. Group II: animals were orally given MO oil (2 ml/kg/day). Group III: animals were orally administered with sofo (36 mg/kg/day). Group IV: animals were orally given sofo then after 2 h they were given MO oil (with the same previous doses). All doses were daily given to the animals for eight weeks. At the end of the experiments, animals were sacrificed and sera were collected to determine urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity. Kidneys were removed out and prepared for both the histological and immunohistochemical studies.
Results
Sofo-treated animals showed many pathological changes; damaged glomeruli and degenerated renal tubules with vacuolated lining epithelial cells contain pyknotic nuclei. In addition, leukocytic infiltration, congested blood vessels and hemorrhage were seen. Caspase-3 and PCNA were expressed in a large number of cells in the same group. Moreover, a significant increase in urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels was recorded as well as a significant decrease in catalase activity. Co-treatment of MO oil with sofo effectively counteracted the observed adverse effects. It attenuated the histological picture of the kidney, significantly ameliorated urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and restored the normal expressions of caspase-3 and PCNA.
Conclusions
Moringa oleifera oil can ameliorate nephrotoxicity induced by sofo via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
Background: Orlistat is one of the common medicines in treating overweight, and its use may cause several side effects. Curcumin, a yellow phenolic compound isolated from Curcuma longa's rhizome, possesses several pharmaceutical effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: This work aimed to test the possible protective effect of curcumin against orlistat-induced hepatorenal and cerebellar toxicities in obese albino rats. Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were equally separated into four groups; Group I: the control group. Group II: curcumin group; Group III: orlistat group. Group IV, rats were given orlistat ((32mg/kg/day)) then curcumin (200mg/kg body weight three times per week for six weeks). Results: In the liver of rats treated with orlistat, the hepatic cells appeared with degenerated cytoplasm containing many vacuoles and darkly stained nuclei. similarly, some glomeruli in the kidney were atrophic or fractured, the cerebellar cortex is spongiosis, and the Purkinje cells, granule, and molecular cells were degenerated. When rats were treated with orlistat and curcumin, the liver, kidney, and cerebellar the histopathological changes were relatively recovered to the control ones. The number of Kupffer cells, glomerular diameter, Bowman's space width, and the dimensions of the renal tubules significantly decreased, and the epithelial height retrains normal as compared to orlistat treated rats. The levels of MDA, dopamine, and glutamate significantly decreased, and the activity of SOD significantly increased. The rising in PCNA and Bcl2 expression after orlistat is significantly decreased in the studied organs after curcumin treatment. Conclusion: This study concluded that curcumin may have a potential role in improving hepatorenal and cerebellar toxicities after orlistat treatment.
Background:The most common complication of diabetes mellitus is peripheral diabetic neuropathy associated with neurodegenerative effects. Food and Drug Association approved pregabalin as an anticonvulsant drug, for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. There were many studies that reported no interest in the effect of this drug because it did not achieve complete recovery of diabetic neuropathy. So, this study aimed to improve its effect by combining its therapeutic dose with some medicinal plants such as flaxseeds. Materials and Methods: the experimental animals were divided into five groups. Group I, the control group, was kept without any treatment. Group II administered flaxseed oil (FXO) (1ml/kg body weight/day) for six weeks. A single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w.) was used to induce diabetes, then the diabetic animals were divided into the following groups; Group III served as diabetic control. In Group IV the diabetic rats were supplemented with pregabalin (30mg/kg body weight /day) for six weeks. Group V diabetic rats were orally given pregabalin, and after2hours they were given the FXO for six weeks. Results: Diabetes significantly decreased the body weight, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and increased the malondialdehyde levels. Microscopic examination of the sciatic nerve of rats showed severe pathological and ultrastructural changes. When diabetic animals were treated with pregabalin only revealed mild improvement that recorded in the biochemical investigation only. However, the sciatic nerve examination of diabetic animals treated with pregabalin and FXO restored the normal histological and ultrastructural pictures and recorded a marked improvement in the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Flaxseed oil improved the neuroprotective effect of pregabalin against diabetic peripheral neuropathy due to its anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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