This study determines the extent of internationalization (i.e., global business attitudes and activities) of family businesses. A survey of 187 family businesses from northwest Ohio finds that family businesses do not regularly monitor the international marketplace or integrate global developments into domestic decisions. Although a small pool of businesses currently has ties with family businesses in foreign countries, many more would like to develop such ties. The study finds that if a family business does not get involved in foreign markets in the first and second generations, it is unlikely to do so in later generations. The majority of family businesses does not develop sources in foreign countries. The family businesses that do source from overseas markets do so mostly for cost and quality benefits. Approximately half of family businesses sold their products in foreign markets primarily via exporting and joint ventures.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the increasingly important economic and business relationship between the People's Republic of China and the countries of Africa. Our focus is on how this partnership manifests itself in investments. The research questions are: first, how has the relationship changed over time and second, from an African perspective has this relationship been beneficial? Finally, how has the recent economic downturn affected their partnership? Our investigation shows that Chinese investment has been motivated by a desire to access critical resources (oil, bauxite, etc.). The Chinese approach was been to downplay political issues (e.g., human rights). Although recipient African nations have received investment inflows, they have come with certain drawbacks. For instance, they have negatively impacted local trade and commerce. Also, in some cases African labor has not benefited from Chinese investment.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of global consumer culture positioning (GCCP) in comparison to local consumer culture positioning (LCCP) strategies on consumer evaluations of a new unknown brand.Design/methodology/approachUsing an experimental method in the USA and India, the paper examines if the use of such positioning strategies in a print advertisement stimuli influence consumer evaluations of a fictitious brand.FindingsThe results support the effectiveness of such strategies as demonstrated by overall improvement in subjects' attitudinal evaluations of the fictitious brand when GCCP is used relative to the use of LCCP. Furthermore, our results show a moderation effect for subjects' level of belief in global citizenship on the effectiveness of the GCCP strategy. These results were observed across the two samples.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides valuable managerial insights into the potential value of GCCP strategy and offers specific strategic positioning guides to brand managers competing in the global marketplace.Originality/valueWith the emergence of global market segments, it is important to assist brand managers seeking to strengthen their brand's equity in a competitive global marketplace. This paper contributes to the literature on international brand positioning by empirically investigating the usefulness of GCCP as a strategic positioning guide for global marketing managers.
Aims to identify and test criteria useful in screening potential worldwide opportunities. International business literature suggested the criteria which were applied in six product samples to determine whether the same criteria could be used across products. Accepts this proposition. Also shows that four criteria: product‐specific market size growth, indirect market size, trade, and level of economic development contributed most to the discriminating capabilities among potential markets.
With growing awareness of environmental issues and firm social responsibilities, outsourcing firms increasingly recognize the need to be sustainability-oriented as they pursue competitiveness in the global market. However, firms are not doing this purely for altruist reasons as they still have to make a profit and account to shareholders. Therefore thispaper investigates the antecedents that push firms that adopt outsourcing initiatives to be sustainability-oriented. The authors develop a model that identifies the antecedents, goals, practices, and outcomes associated with the sustainability-outsourcing linkage. The model starts by identifying four antecedents (regulations, supply chain demand, firm reputation, and marketplace requirements) that cause of sustainability orientation in a firm. Then, internal (i.e., product design) and external (i.e., supplier management) practices thatfirms may adopt in order to cope with their sustainability goals are introduced. Finally, the model evaluates the impact of these practices on their outsourcing performance from the triple bottom line perspective. So this is a conceptual paper that sheds light on the role of sustainability orientation in outsourcing firms' performance, and calls for more research attention on sustainable outsourcing.
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