Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta) are analyzed by spectroscopic techniques. The nature of the polysaccharides (with extraction and without any type of extraction) present in these seaweeds was determined with FTIR-ATR and FT-Raman analysis of extracted phycocolloids and ground dry seaweed.

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Currently, algae arouse a growing interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic area due to the fact that they have a great diversity of bioactive compounds with the potential for pharmacological and nutraceutical applications. Due to lifestyle modifications brought on by rapid urbanization, diabetes mellitus, a metabolic illness, is the third largest cause of death globally. The hunt for an efficient natural-based antidiabetic therapy is crucial to battling diabetes and the associated consequences due to the unfavorable side effects of currently available antidiabetic medications. Finding the possible advantages of algae for the control of diabetes is crucial for the creation of natural drugs. Many of algae’s metabolic processes produce bioactive secondary metabolites, which give algae their diverse chemical and biological features. Numerous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and antidiabetic benefits of algae, mostly by blocking carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme activity, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Additionally, bioactive components from algae can lessen diabetic symptoms in vivo. Therefore, the current review concentrates on the role of various secondary bioactive substances found naturally in algae and their potential as antioxidants and antidiabetic materials, as well as the urgent need to apply these substances in the pharmaceutical industry.

In this study crude extracts of Turbinaria decurrens, Padina pavonica, Sargassum muticum and Sargassum acinarium (Phaeophyta); Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Pterocladia capillacea (Rhodophyta) seaweeds were tested to evaluate their antioxidant properties and antidiabetic potential on α-amylase and α-glucosidase starch hydrolyzing enzymes. The results showed that all analyzed seaweeds exhibited antioxidant effects using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing power and total antioxidant capacity assays in addition to antidiabetic activity that all depended on the species and the extract solvent. Among the tested extracts, acetone extract of Turbinaria decurrens showed the highest antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects for α-amylase (96.1%) and α-glucosidase (97.4%), respectively which was related with its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In vitro, the extract showed no toxicity against fibroblast normal cell lines at lower concentration of 250 µg/ml. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum analysis (GC-MS) of this acetone extract showed the presence of different bioactive compounds mainly cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl which could be responsible for its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The study results suggest that brown seaweeds especially T. decurrens can be used as antioxidant ingredients and as potent reducing drug for postprandial hyperglycemia.

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This study aims to assess the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three selected seaweeds [Cladophora pellucida (Chlorophyta), Padina tetrastromatica (Phaeophyta) and Laurencia papillosa (Rhodophyta)] collected from Abo Qir bay, Alexandria, Egypt. L. papillosa demonstrated the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity (52.1 ± 1.23 %) and β carotene content (3675.6 ± 134.6 IU/100 g) in comparison with the other seaweed species. The highest contents of phenol (0.26 ± 0.005 mg/g DW) and flavonoid (5.6 ± 0.8 mg CE/ 100 g DW) were observed in P. tetrastromatica and C. pellucida, respectively. P. tetrastromatica showed the highest ascorbic acid content (26.0 ± 0.98 mg%). Nineteen fatty acid methyl esters were detected in the tested seaweeds by gas chromatography, while C. pellucida had the highest total concentrations of fatty acids and the highest omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. Polysaccharides (cladophoran, fucoidan and agar) were identified in C. pellucida, P. tetrastromatica and L. papillosa, respectively, by Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance. These findings recommend the studied seaweeds to be used as a novel source of natural bioactive compounds and antioxidant agents for food supplements, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

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