Objectives:To evaluate orthodontic treatment needs using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) components and to estimate the required manpower in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional study involving 670 participants (390 females and 280 males) collected between November 2016 and April 2017, whose ages ranged from 12-19 years from secondary and high school students. Treatment needs were estimated using the IOTN components, dental health component (DHC), and aesthetic component (AC).Results:The results according to the severity of malocclusion using IOTN-DHC found that 24.3% of the cases required severe/extreme need and 54.3% were in the no/slight need category. The most frequent types of malocclusion were crowding (48.8%) followed by increased overjet (21.8%), and spacing (16.1%). Using Pearson’s Chi-squared test, there was a statistically significant association (p<0.001) between IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC; 51.2% of the sample was in agreement at the mild need category, indicating a strong correlation, with a coefficient of 0.687.Conclusion:According to the IOTN’s components, the present study showed that almost one-quarter of the sample had a severe/extreme need for orthodontic treatment. The most frequent type of malocclusion traits according to the severity was crowding followed by increased overjet and then spacing. The Ministry of Health must employ 90-110 orthodontists in Jeddah to meet the demands of the definite needs for orthodontics in adolescents.

INTRODUCTION:Esthetics plays an essential role in orthodontic treatment. The psychological effects of malocclusion are an inspiration to improve one's esthetics and seek treatment.OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to assess relationships between self-esteem and malocclusion severity and type in adolescents using a self-esteem measurement scale and the index of treatment need (IOTN) and to investigate the influence of age, sex, and school type in these relationships.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Adolescent students aged 12–19 years randomly selected from four private and two governmental schools were enrolled for this study. After completing the self-esteem questionnaire, participants were examined by researchers to evaluate malocclusion severity and type using the IOTN.RESULTS:The sample consisted of 886 participants: 558 females (62.9%) and 328 males (37.1%) with a mean age of 16 years. Chi-square analysis showed that 17.1% of males and 31% of females showed low levels of self-esteem, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Cases with multiple malocclusions showed significantly lower self-esteem (P = 0.018) compared with single-category malocclusion. Anterior teeth spacing, crowding, and overjet malocclusion showed the highest percentages of low self-esteem.CONCLUSIONS:The present study supports that malocclusion has negative effects on self-esteem; multiple malocclusions with spacing, crowding, and overjet had the greatest effects.

BackgroundProfessionalism was recognized as a fundamental competency of medical/dental practice at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Organizations and experts published several definitions of professionalism, but research on patients’ perception of professionalism has been limited. To address this gap in literature, this study explored dental patients’ perception of dental professionalism, and then compared their perception with that of dental professionals.MethodsOf the 800 questionnaires that were distributed to dental patients in public and private clinics and hospitals, 504 were returned and were used in the analysis. A factor analysis was used to generate themes and sub-themes. Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare two independent groups and the ANOVA tests to compare means in more than two independent groups.ResultsA factor analysis revealed four factors: excellence and communication skills; humanism, commitment, and service mindedness; competence in practice; and dentists’ duties and management skills. Adherence to sterilization and infection control rules and procedures; personal hygiene and clean professional attire; good communication skills; diagnostic and clinical judgment and provision of the most efficient dental treatment; and ethical decisions and ethical care were ranked as the first five most important elements of dental professionalism from patients’ perspective. Several demographic factors showed significant differences in perception.ConclusionPatients’ and dentists’ perception of dental professionalism and professional behavior vary in certain aspects. These differences must be addressed to ensure excellence of dental service. Dental professionals must also be aware of the personal factors that affect a patient’s perception of professionalism.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the optical properties of nanohybrid Grandio (GR) and nanoceramic Lava Ultimate (LU) CAD/CAM restorative materials subjected to different beverage solutions and subsequently bleached. Methods Five groups of each restorative material (n = 20/group, shade A2-high translucent) were immersed in distilled water, coffee, tea, cola, and ginger for one week. Changes in whiteness index, translucency parameter, and color changes of the specimens were evaluated. The data of color measurements after staining, bleaching, and the residual differences were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests at the significance level of P < 0.05. Results LU and GR revealed the highest differences in whiteness index after coffee staining (P < 0.001). GR revealed lower translucency parameter differences after staining with coffee than LU (P = 0.007). There were no significant differences in translucency changes between LU and GR after staining with tea, cola, or ginger (P > 0.05). LU revealed significantly greater color changes than GR after staining (P < 0.001). Conclusions LU nanoceramic CAD/CAM restorative material revealed higher color changes than GR nanohybrid material. Staining beverage solutions had a distinct influence on the optical properties of the tested CAD/CAM restorative materials.

To investigate the parameters that affect the severity of open bite, 111 cephalometric radiographs of open bite subjects were evaluated and compared to 60 cephalometric radiographs of normal controls.While all the control subjects had Class I molar relationship, the open bite group were 49% Class I, 30% Class II, and 21% Class III.Significant increase in the means of the following measurements was found in open bite subjects: the total face height, the lower face height, the Y-axis, the gonial angle, the lower occlusal plane angle, and the mandibular plane angle, while significant decrease was found in the total posterior face height, the lower posterior face height, the mandibular body length, the maxillary length, ramus height, facial angle, and interincisal angle.Parameters that correlated highly with open bite were: lower occlusal plane to SN, mandibular plane to SN, gonial angle, Y-axis, lower anterior face height. Parameters that showed significant inverse correlation with open bite were: ramus height, maxillary length, mandibular length, lower posterior facial height, and total posterior facial height.