Diabetes is a disorder that impairs the ability of the body to process blood glucose. Diabetes is either due to the pancreas produces insufficient amount of insulin or the cells of the body do not react with the insulin produced. Type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is the most common type of diabetes and grows in prevalence worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate the antidiabetic impact with emphasis on hepatic lipid metabolism and spleen histopathology effect of curcumin-magnesium oxide nanoparticles conjugate (Cur-MgO NPs conjugate) in nicotinamide (NA)-streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats. This study included three groups: Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats) and Group 3 (type 2 diabetic rats were orally administered Cur-MgO NPs conjugate (10 mg/Kg BW/day for 45 days)). The levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile and hepatic expression of lipogenic enzymes Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppar α) were measured. Moreover, histopathological examination of spleen was carried out. The assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), a significant reduction in serum insulin level and HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA β). Also, reduction in hepatic mRNA expression of MCD and Ppar-α and an altered lipid profile were noticed in diabetic group in comparison with the control group. Oral administration of Cur-MgO NPs conjugate restored glucose (102.73±2.16), TC (139.80±3.61) and LDL-c (87.56±3.72) to their physiological levels in the control group (108.29±2.45, 150.27±2.56 and 94.43±2.75 respectively). Histopathological examination of the spleen showed damage of lymphoid cells in type 2 diabetes (T2D), while in treated group showed moderate improvement in spleen tissue and cells are rescued from apoptosis. The outcome of present study revealed that Cur-MgO NP conjugate has potential ameliorative effect on the hematologic, immunologic and hepatic metabolic alterations in type 2 diabetic rats.

D iabetes is a condition that develops when the ability of the body to process blood glucose is impaired. It leads to the development of several complications, such as peripheral vascular disease, heart attack, and stroke. Significant diabetic symptoms include increased fatigue, frequent urination, extreme hunger, and thirst (Westerberg, 2013). Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance followed by pancreatic islet beta-cell failure leading to hyperglycemia (Asmat et al., 2016). Thus, the development of diabetes is associated with either the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or the lack of cellular response to the insulin produced (Gardner et al., 2007). Type-II diabetes (T2D) is also recognized as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. It is associated with insulin-resistance of a target organ, which decreases the responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous insulin (Bacha et al., 2010). T2D is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, research Article Abstract | Diabetes results in various complications and 90% of all diabetic cases suffer from type-II diabetes (T2D). Therefore, there is a need to find novel interventions that can protect from diabetic complications and reduce the side effects of currently used antidiabetic drugs. We examined the anti-diabetic effect of Curcumin-Magnesium oxide nanoparticles conjugate (Cur-MgO NPs conj) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D in male rats while considering hematologic, immunologic, and hepatic metabolic responses. The study included three groups: group 1 (control group), group 2 (STZ-induced T2D), and group 3 (STZ-induced T2D in rats that were orally administered with Cur-MgO NPs conj (5mg/Kg/day for 45 days). Complete blood count, levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, and hepatic expression of the lipogenic enzymes, namely acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were measured. Histopathological examination of spleen was also conducted. Compared to the control group, a significant elevation in blood glucose and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a substantial reduction in serum insulin level and HOMA-β, an upregulation in hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC), and an altered lipid profile were noticed in STZ-induced T2D group. Oral administration of Cur-MgO NPs conj restored some of the parameters to their physiological levels, including glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Histopathological examination of the spleen showed abnormalities in lymphoid cells in T2D, while the treated group showed moderate improvement in spleen tissue, and cells were rescued from apoptosis. The data of this study revealed that Cur-MgO NP conj has a potential ameliorative effect on the hematologic, immunologic, and hepatic metabolic alterations in STZ-induced T2D in rats.