Effect of Curcumin-Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugate in Type-II Diabetic Rats

Abstract

D iabetes is a condition that develops when the ability of the body to process blood glucose is impaired. It leads to the development of several complications, such as peripheral vascular disease, heart attack, and stroke. Significant diabetic symptoms include increased fatigue, frequent urination, extreme hunger, and thirst (Westerberg, 2013). Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic condition characterized by insulin resistance followed by pancreatic islet beta-cell failure leading to hyperglycemia (Asmat et al., 2016). Thus, the development of diabetes is associated with either the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin or the lack of cellular response to the insulin produced (Gardner et al., 2007). Type-II diabetes (T2D) is also recognized as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. It is associated with insulin-resistance of a target organ, which decreases the responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous insulin (Bacha et al., 2010). T2D is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, research Article Abstract | Diabetes results in various complications and 90% of all diabetic cases suffer from type-II diabetes (T2D). Therefore, there is a need to find novel interventions that can protect from diabetic complications and reduce the side effects of currently used antidiabetic drugs. We examined the anti-diabetic effect of Curcumin-Magnesium oxide nanoparticles conjugate (Cur-MgO NPs conj) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D in male rats while considering hematologic, immunologic, and hepatic metabolic responses. The study included three groups: group 1 (control group), group 2 (STZ-induced T2D), and group 3 (STZ-induced T2D in rats that were orally administered with Cur-MgO NPs conj (5mg/Kg/day for 45 days). Complete blood count, levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, and hepatic expression of the lipogenic enzymes, namely acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were measured. Histopathological examination of spleen was also conducted. Compared to the control group, a significant elevation in blood glucose and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a substantial reduction in serum insulin level and HOMA-β, an upregulation in hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC), and an altered lipid profile were noticed in STZ-induced T2D group. Oral administration of Cur-MgO NPs conj restored some of the parameters to their physiological levels, including glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Histopathological examination of the spleen showed abnormalities in lymphoid cells in T2D, while the treated group showed moderate improvement in spleen tissue, and cells were rescued from apoptosis. The data of this study revealed that Cur-MgO NP conj has a potential ameliorative effect on the hematologic, immunologic, and hepatic metabolic alterations in STZ-induced T2D in rats.

Physiological Effects of Nano-Magnesium Against Bisphenol A-induced Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

“…Exposure to BPA significantly increased the content of fats inside cells due to the inhibition of fat oxidation and secretion, and exposure of laboratory animals to BPA could lead to direct expression of genes involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and lipid formation, thus causing the accumulation of liver fat [27] . These findings were consistent with those reported by [28], which showed that patients treated with nano-magnesium experienced an increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL), and a decrease in HDL. These results can be attributed to an increase in fat metabolism as nano-magnesium plays an important role in normal fat metabolism as a cofactor in a large number of enzymatic and metabolic reactions [29].…”