This paper critically reviews the different models of equilibrium in asset markets. The survey includes the Sharpe-Lintner-Black model, and Roll´s critique, Merton´s intertemporal multibeta version in continuos time, the aggregate consumption model developed by Breeden, Ross´arbitrage pricing theory, and Grinblatt and Titman´s equilibrium arbitrage pricing theory in finite economies. Although the emphasis is on the theoretical work, the main empirical results are also outlined.
In the professional practice, the concept of operational working capital is confused with the accounting definition of working capital, with consequent errors both in the treasury of companies, and in the valuation of companies. In this paper we discuss the important distinction between operational working capital (a characteristic of a business) and the accounting concept of working capital (a financial decision). Also, we challenge the popular view that suggests that firms should finance with long term debt the recurrent portion of their operative working capital, discussing both the implicit costs and risks of such a strategy. Finally, taking the accounting definition of working capital for the operational working capital can lead also to important mistakes in valuation of companies. One of such too frequent mistake is to subtract only the long term debt from the present value of free cash flows to obtain an estimate of the economic value of equity, with a consequent overestimation of its value.
In April of 1991, the Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago, the oldest and most important stock exchange in Chile, started listing futures on IPSA, a popular stock index formed by the forty most highly traded stocks of the country. In this paper we study to what extent the theorical arbitrage relations between future and spot prices of IPSA have held in the case of the contract of futures on IPSA.
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