Resumen. Este artículo ha analizado el proceso de deterioro del trabajo como fuente de derechos sociales y como elemento socialmente integrador, en el marco de paso de una norma salarial o social de empleo estable a otra basada en la desregulación del mismo. Se han empleado técnicas cuantitativas, con la explotación de fuentes estadísticas secundarias; y cualitativas, a través del análisis explicativo de entrevistas a expertos del ámbito institucional. Los resultados de la investigación ponen de manifiesto el surgimiento de un nuevo modelo de cohesión social excluyente basado en la intensificación y generalización de las diferencias sociales y la precarización del trabajo. En este nuevo modelo se observa que las estrategias de integración de las personas tienen cada vez menos apoyo público, y éstas quedan abandonadas, lo que se manifiesta en los cuatro ámbitos de clasificación de los factores de riesgo de exclusión social: estructural, institucional, relacional y personal Palabras clave: Mercado laboral segmentado; Flexibilidad; Precarización laboral; Exclusión social; Cohesión social.
In recent years, courier and home delivery services have experienced extensive growth around the world. These platform companies, that operate through applications on smartphones, have experienced the benefits of the technological leap that has been produced by the conditions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic and its restrictions on traditional commerce. This business model integrates novel elements that move away from a classic contractual relationship, employer-employee. They combine a strong cooperative culture, integrated by company values and principles that make the rider assume an identity that defines him/her as a worker and a member of a community. In addition, on the other hand, precarious working conditions, in which extreme competitiveness among colleagues and dependence on high standards of service compliance are encouraged. In Spain, there is a lack of research on the identity of workers in this type of platform. By means of in-depth interviews with drivers of two different companies in the Region of Murcia (Spain), the main objective of this article is to identify and describe the figure of what we define as homo rider, understood as a prototype individual in the context of contemporary labor relations, linked to the incorporation of new technologies for the intermediation and interconnection between people, goods and services. We approach to the socioeconomic spectrum and identity imaginary of the homo rider through two dimensions, material and ideological, to construct this broad, ambiguous figure between self-employment and wage-earner that would also represent a complex relation between precarious work and new technologies.
Last years has experienced a worsening of labor situation of disabled people. this research aims to identify the aspects that structure the educational dimension as a determinant of the entrepreneurship of disabled people. the hypothesis determines that an improvement in the educational level of disabled people can lead to an improvement in their position in the labor market and their socio-labor insertion. through a qualitative methodology (15 interviews to people related to entrepreneurship and disability) it is concluded that training is a fundamental element to sustain entrepreneurship. Within the training aspects, both specific training in entrepreneurship and inclusive education by which people with disabilities access training on an equal footing concerning people without disabilities, are critical to the promotion of entrepreneurship.
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