Despite the presence of guiding legislation such as the United Nations Guiding Principles, respect for human rights is subject to the conscience of organizational actors. Given that some transnational corporations are more powerful than nation states, they play an important role in the economies in which they operate, often with far-reaching impact on the labor conditions and human rights protections within these countries. In the current global context, respect for human rights may be undermined when organizational decision-makers are tempted to ignore unethical practices due to considerations such as competition and short-term financial incentives. We propose that the higher standards to which younger generations increasingly hold corporations provide a compelling and “business case” incentive for the protection of human rights of external stakeholders by organizational decision-makers. Drawing on related research on corporate social responsibility and on projections regarding demographical changes in the workplace worldwide, we make the case for a bottom-line advantage to respecting human rights in attracting and retaining top talent in work organizations. We conclude by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications of our theorizing.
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has had a fundamental role in the protection of human rights in Latin America. Its judicial decisions have had a significant impact in national legislation, public policies and national courts. In the case of indigenous peoples, its main contributions have been related to the right to prior consultation and the protection of their territory. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the Sarayaku Case and its impact on public interest litigation. If one of the goals of strategic litigation is to foster social change, this cannot be restricted to the legal findings but must also include the active participation of victims, assuring their right of access to justice.
Resumen:A través del presente artículo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis sobre los instrumentos de las Naciones Unidas existentes para el tratamiento del crimen organizado transnacional y la corrupción. De esta forma se pretende poner de manifiesto una serie de elementos que podrían ser de utilidad de cara a los resultados de la VIII Cumbre de las Américas, centrada en la corrupción y la gobernabilidad democrática. Si bien es necesario aumentar la cooperación internacional, las reformas legales e institucionales de los Estados están rezagadas frente a las distintas manifestaciones de esta criminalidad, por lo que se debe buscar otros medios más expeditos que permitan una respuesta por parte de las autoridades.
Palabras clave: Crimen organizado transnacional, Transnational Organised Crime, CorrupciónAbstract: This article analyzes the existing United Nations instruments used to cope with the issues arising from transnational organized crime and corruption. The aim therefore is to highlight a series of elements that could be useful in view of the results of the VIII Summit of the Americas, which focuses on corruption and democratic governance. Although it is necessary to increase international cooperation, legal and institutional reforms in the States are lagging behind the different manifestations of this phenomenon. Accordingly, it is necessary to find more expeditious means allowing the authorities to respond. . Las opiniones presentadas en este artículo son a título personal y no comprenden ninguna de las instituciones mencionadas.
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