This research aims to analyse the risk of production, price and income in the business of shallot hatchery in Medan Marelan district, Medan City. The study was carried out on 30 farmers who carried out hatchery cultivation in Medan Marelan district. The research method used to measure the risk of production, price and income uses variety, the standard deviation of the coefficient of variation (K V), and the lower limit of the highest yield. The results showed that the production risk was 0.23, price risk was 0.06 and income risk was 0.33. Production risk is caused by pests, diseases, and erratic weather. Price risk is caused by fluctuating prices. Income risk is caused by the amount of production, fluctuating prices, large farming costs and lack of market demand. The highest risk is income risk, followed by production risk and price risk.
A healthy lifestyle is now internationally institutionalized and requires a guarantee that agricultural products must globally standardized and requires an assurance that farming items must have food safety, high nutritional and eco-labelling attributes. These things maters become motivation for living a healthy lifestyle. The research objective was to determine factors affecting willingness to pay for organic vegetables in Medan City, by using logistic regression analysis which sourced from primary data. The results show that value of Willingness to Pay consumers for organic vegetables (in the modern market of Medan City is higher by 10.40% - 12.89% of the price offered. The highest percentage of WTP increase in organic vegetable product consumers was spinach and the lowest was mustard greens. Income and product price have a significant effect on willingness to pay for organic vegetables meanwhile education level, age, and number of family members do not have significantly effect.
Rice is the main commodity food for Indonesian people. The majority of Indonesian people consume it on daily basis. Due to this reason, Rice has a strategic value not only to live the life of society but also to be used as a parameter of the country's economic and social stability. If the scarcity or unmet need for rice happens, it will have an impact on inflation and social turmoil. The purpose of this study was to analyze and analyze the integration of the rice market in the short and long term between the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city. The data used in this study is secondary data using monthly time series data from January 2014 to December 2018. Timmer's Index of Market Connection Coefficient Analysis Method is used as the analytical method to measure the short-term and long-term market integration. This index was developed by Timmer (1987). The results showed that the market integration level of wholesale rice prices in the short term between the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city was low with an IMC value of 1.985> 1. There is long-term integration between the markets of the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city wholesalers with a coefficient value of b2 of 0.713> 0. The level of market integration in the short term between the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city retail rice price is low with an IMC value of 2.243> 1. There is long-term integration between the market of the Serdang Bedagai regency and Medan city retail with a coefficient of b2 of 0.463> 0. Keywords: Market Integration, Rice, Index of Market Connection.
Oil palm farmers is act as producer and price takers and their bargaining position is often unequal, and farmers are disadvantaged by the condition. A large number of intermediaries involved in the marketing process indicates long marketing channel. Long marketing channel of a product results in greater marketing costs; such circumstances would lead to inefficient marketing channel. This research is purposed to analyze marketing channel, marketing margin, famer’s share and marketing efficiency for oil palm in Pasar VII Namo Terasi Village. Result shows that there are 2 types of Marketing channels for Oil Palm in Pasar VIII Namo Terasi Village, Sei Bingai District, Langkat Regency which are Marketing Channel I (Farmers–Intermediaries–Oil Palm Factory) and Marketing Channel II (Farmers–Oil Palm Factory). Marketing Channel with the highest Farmer’s Share is Marketing Channel II, with the share of farmer’s value being about 100%. Either marketing channel 1 and marketing channel II are categorized as efficient.Result shows that marketing channel pattern II is the most efficient marketing channel.
The research aims to: (1) describe internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors and (2) describe guava marketing strategies as an alternative opportunity for community economic empowerment. The research area was in Tanjung Anom Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency with 30 samples and used a SWOT analysis. The results show the calculation of the IFAS and EFAS matrices from internal factors, namely 3.00 obtained from the total number of ratings for strengths and weaknesses and for external factors, namely 2.80, which is obtained from the total addition of opportunity and threat factors. The results of the SWOT diagram show that guava is in an aggressive position in a favourable situation. The marketing strategy implemented is to improve product quality, strengthen cooperation with the government, maintain good relations with consumers, improve the quality of human resources at the operational level, increase product promotion and distribution, segment the market in order to maintain and expand existing markets, create new designs. so that consumers have many choices and increase production and marketing cooperation between similar business actors.
Background: Anaemia is a common health problem among pregnant women in Malaysia and has a significant health consequence to mother and their infants. The provision of iron supplements and an array of health educational strategies to pregnant women are the most widely practice in Malaysia public health measures. In Malaysia currently, the implementation of health education methods and materials on anaemia in pregnancy given to the antenatal mothers differ throughout the country. The aim of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate the effects of a theory-based health educational intervention on the haemoglobin level among anaemic pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental study design and conceptualized based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). It will involve two groups of antenatal mothers (control and intervention) from two health clinics in the district of Sepang, Selangor. There will be 81 pregnant women with anaemia per group that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be collected using self-administered questionnaire. The primary outcome variable is differences in haemoglobin levels between the intervention and control groups in the third trimester. Secondary outcome include knowledge regarding anaemia, HBM constructs, dietary iron intake and level of compliance towards iron supplementation. Both groups will be receiving routine antenatal care and practice. Additionally, the intervention groups will be given a validated theory-based health education intervention on anaemia in pregnancy. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis will be performed. All hypotheses tests were two-sided and level of significance was set at 0.05. Discussion: If the theory based health education intervention is effective in improving the outcome for pregnant women with anaemia, this approach could be taken into consideration to improve the anaemia in pregnancy after further research.
The purpose of this research is to analyze coffee export marketing strategy in North Sumatra Province during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The research is conducted in North Sumatra Province. Data collection techniques in this study used literature study, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The internal factors of strength affecting coffee export in North Sumatra Province are physicality and quality, timely delivery, potential exporters, and networking as well as the internal factors of weakness, namely promotion, capital, and pricing policies. The external factors of opportunity, namely licenses, regular consumers, and export tariffs as well as the external factors of threat, namely prices, demand, the role of government, competitors, and the condition of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Keywords: Coffee Export, Marketing Strategy, COVID-19 Pandemic, SWOT Analysis
Producers price index is a means of measuring the welfare of farmers, so calculating producers price index can know the level of welfare of farmers. This is related to the purchasing power in the fulfilment of household consumption needs. One of the classic problems that rice farmers often encounter is the drop in the selling price of grain/rice during harvest time, and rising prices when outside the harvest. The research objective is to analyse the impacts of harvest on producers’ price index. Producers price index at harvest time is lower than non-harvest, so that farmer’s welfare during harvest time is decreasing seen from decreasing of farmers’ producers’ price index of the rice farmer. Low producers price index due to high harvest resulted in decreasing consumption of home staple foods.
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