We have analysed 78 cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas to assess whether histopathology, cell proliferation, apoptosis rate, p53 immunoreactivity, or flow cytometry could predict their long-term behaviour. Classic pilocytic/microcystic pattern was seen in 62 patients and 16 patients had mixed pattern with an additional non-pilocytic glial component. The overall 5-year survival was 93%, complete resection providing 100% survival. The four patients who died during the follow-up were more than 14 years of age, their primary operation had been incomplete and three of them were mixed variants. In 15 cases the tumour recurred giving a recurrence-free 5-year survival of 77%. The proliferation indices were low: Ki-67MIB-1 (median 2.0%), PCNA (1.2%) and S-phase fraction (4.4%). The Ki-67MIB-1-labelling index was significantly higher in young patients, but did not differ between the classic and mixed variants. Twenty-two per cent of the tumours were aneuploid with a significantly higher S-phase fraction than in diploid tumours. p53 seems to act as ardian of the genome' in pilocytic astrocytomas, because aberrant/increased expression of p53 and aneuploidy associated with enhanced apoptosis. Only patient age (P = 0.01), radicality of the primary operation (P = 0.0001) and histology (classic vs mixed, P=0.008) significantly correlated with survival. The poorer prognosis of the mixed variant suggests that this may represent a distinct entity. Although none of the novel parameters significantly predicted recurrence or survival, they indicate substantial biological variation among cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas.
This study aims to determine the application of discovery learning learning models to students of class XII IPS.2 Palembang State High School 13. The research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) or Classroom Action Research (CAR) which aims to improve and find solutions to real problems in improving the learning process in the classroom. This research has several cycles. Each cycle consists of 4 stages of interrelated and continuous activities, namely: planning (planning), implementation (acting), observation (observing), and reflection (reflecting). The results of the study showed that using the discovery learning model of learning completeness of students before the action and after the action, namely; cycle I (60.00%), and cycle II (90.00%). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant change in learning outcomes between before and after being given class action by applying discovery learning learning models to students of class XII IPS.2 Palembang 13 Public High School so that this research is considered to be successful. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning pada peserta didik kelas XII IPS.2 SMA Negeri 13 Palembang. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) atau Classroom Action Research (CAR) yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan mencari solusi dari persoalan yang nyata dalam meningkatkan proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas 4 tahap kegiatan yang saling terkait dan berkesinambungan yaitu: perencanaan (planning), pelaksanaan (acting), pengamatan (observing), dan refleksi (reflecting). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning ketuntasan belajar peserta didik sebelum tindakan dan sesudah tindakan yaitu; siklus I (60,00%), dan siklus II (90,00%). Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan terdapat perubahan peningkatan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran discovery learning pada peserta didik kelas XII IPS.2 SMA Negeri 13 Palembang sehingga penelitian ini dianggap berhasil dengan baik.
<p><em>Perasaan aman dan nyaman berada di sekolah sangat dibutuhkan oleh setiap siswa untuk menunjang pengembangan potensinya. Fenomena yang terjadi </em><em>terdapat </em><em>beberapa siswa </em><em>yang mengalami kekerasan di sekolah </em><em>berupa perilaku bullying.</em><em> </em><em>Kemunculan p</em><em>erilaku ini </em><em>dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya yaitu kontrol diri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mend</em><em>eskripsikan kontrol diri</em><em> dan </em><em>perilaku bullying </em><em>siswa, serta menguji </em><em>hubungan</em><em> kontrol diri dan perilaku bullying siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan korelasional dengan subjek penelitian 47 siswa. Penelitian menggunakan instrumen </em><em>angket</em><em> yang disusun dengan meggunakan model skala likert. </em><em>Data</em><em> diolah </em><em>dengan</em><em> teknik statisti</em><em>k </em><em>deskriptif dan </em><em>untuk </em><em>uji korelasi kedua variabel digunakan rumus product moment correlation. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kontrol diri dengan perilaku bullying siswa.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em></em></strong><em></em><p><em><em>Feelings of comfort and secure in the school is needed by every student to support the development of potentialities. The phenomenon that occurs there are some students who experienced violence in schools in the form of bullying behavior. The appearance of this behavior can be caused by various factors, one of which is self-control. The study aims to describe self-control and bullying behavior of students, as well as to examine the relationship of self-control and student bullying behavior. This research is a descriptive and correlational research with subject of research of 47 students. The research used questionnaire instrument that was prepared using Likert scale model. Data is processed by descriptive statistical techniques and for the correlation test of both variables used product moment correlation formula. The results revealed there was a significant relationship between student’s self-control and bullying behavior.</em><br /></em></p>
Kajian dalam tulisan ini hendak memaparkan beberapa hal mengenai pendidikan karakter dalam lingkungan budaya toraja. Pendidikan tidak hanya di dapatkan dari sekolah berupa pendidikan intlektual, tetapi juga dengan pendidikan karakter agar seorang yang memiliki intelektual dapat juga memperlakukan orang lain dengan baaik. Pendidikan belum pantas di sebut pendidikan apabila mengabaikan pembentukan karkter, utamanya pendidikan budaya toraja. Pendidikan bukan sekedar insitusi pendidikan belaka atau hanya sekedar latihan intelektual saja tetapi juga membutuhkan upaya/ usaha untuk menerapkannya dengan baik.
Hyperglycemia is one of the diabetes mellitus characteristics. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) has been used traditionally to reduce blood glucose level and clinically need to be proven. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of ethanol extract of soursop leaves (EDS) on blood glucose levels of hyperglycemia mice (Mus musculus). This was an experimental study with a pre-post test control group design. Thirty mice was used as animal models and was hyperglycemia induced by alloxan 150mg/kg b.w, respectively. Treatment EDS has been given for 14 days with the variation of doses; 200 mg/Kg b.w, 300 mg/Kg b.w, and 400 mg/Kg bw. Fasting blood glucose level was measured before and after EDS treatment by glucocheck. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan for further tests to evaluate the effect of EDS while the difference in blood glucose levels in pre-post treament was analyzed by paired t-test. The result showed that EDS significantly reduced blood glucose levels (p < 0.05). EDS with 400 mg/Kg bw dose showed the strongest effect in reducing glucose levels, followed by 300 mg/Kg b.w and 200 mg/Kg b.w doses. In conclusion, EDS has the potential to develop as an agent to reduce blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
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