A study was carried out on 391 cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia from different paediatric units in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan. A clear winter spike of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was noted. It was found that there was a substantial increase of 30-50% in the positivity of RSV from December to February.
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by short limbs, short ribs, postaxial polydactyly, dysplastic nails, teeth, oral and cardiac abnormalities. It is caused by biallelic mutations in the EVC or EVC2 gene, separated by 2.6 kb of genomic sequence on chromosome 4p16. In the present study, we have investigated two consanguineous families of Pakistani origin, segregating EVC in autosomal recessive manner. Linkage in the families was established to chromosome 4p16. Subsequently, sequence analysis identified a novel nonsense mutation (p.Trp234*) in exon 8 of the EVC2 gene and 15 bp duplication in exon 14 of the EVC gene in the two families. This further expands the mutations in the EVC or EVC2 genes resulting in the EVC syndrome.
Objective: To calculate the frequency of vaccinated children in measles casesand to determine association of age and sex with vaccination status of measles. Design: Descriptive Study. Place andduration of study: Department Of Paediatric Medicine, Military Hospital (MH), Rawalpindi from October 2001 toSeptember 2002. Patients and Methods: 250 cases of clinical measles, selected by convenient sampling, reportingin out patient department or admitted were registered. Age, sex and vaccination status were noted. Statistical analyseswere carried out employing “t Test” and “Chi-Square test”, utilizing SPSS version 10.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc.,Chicago). Test of significance was applied at a confidence limit of 95%. Results: 71.6% were vaccinated and 28.4%were unvaccinated. Ages ranged from 1 to 12 years with a mean age of 5.4±2.4 years. Vaccinated cases had asignificantly (p<0.05) higher mean age (5.9±2.1) as compared to unvaccinated ones (4.0±2.5). Majority (46%) were4-6 years old. Among vaccinated 50.3% were 4-6 years old but among the unvaccinated 52.1% were 1-3 years of age.Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Proportion of males was significantly more (p value < 0.05) than females in both groups.Conclusion: Vaccination failure observed in this study, that is 71.6% patients contracting measles despite beingvaccinated, is clearly higher than that accepted for measles vaccine (2-10%). Though high immunization coverage(>90%) in the first dose is still crucial for eradication there is need to revise the in-vogue vaccination schedule to reducethe incidence and so is the measles related morbidity and mortality.
.Objective: To evaluate the pattern and reasons of reluctance/ refusal to polio vaccination with an aim to gain insights and learnlessons during Polio campaign. Setting: Polio campaign days during 2009 in Muzaffar Garah district between January to April 2009. Studydesign: Cross sectional survey. Material and Methods: Survey done during intensive polio days during the three campaigns this year bydetailed interview with parents, senior members of the family regarding reluctance to administer oral polio drops in the Muzaffar Garah district.Reasons and frequency of reluctance were documented. After counseling the WHO team managed to convince part of the reluctant population.The data was once again collected from the unconvinced population of parents who declined till the end. Results: During the survey there were404 reluctant parents.236(58%) of these were convinced and the remaining stayed unvaccinated despite counseling. Amongst the group thatshowed initial reluctance. 132(32.5%) refused to cooperate due to religious misconceptions. Of the confirmed deniers 116(69%) belonged toa conservative religious group The most easy to convince group was the group demanding monitory benefits for cooperating in Polio campaign13(7%). Conclusion: People refuse Polio vaccination due to misinformation /misconception especially on religious grounds. The die hardrefusals were mostly linked to religious reasons. Education of religious leaders is the way forward to drive Polio to extinction.
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