This paper presented a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of air flow past a 2D model NACA0012 airfoil at high Reynolds number (Re = 3.0 x 10 6 ) at various angles of attack (-10 to 15). The simulations were undertaken to inform on how the fluid flowed around the airfoil by solving the steady state governing equations of continuity and momentum conservation that are combined with one of three turbulence models Spalart-Allmaras, Realizable k-ε and k-ω shear stress transport (SST). It is observed that the Realizable k-ε eliminates the small separation bubble on the upper surface of the airfoil and delaying separation flow. Also, for the lift coefficient, CL and drag coefficient, CD investigated in this paper, the predicted data have good agreement with other published data.
The rheological complexities of non-Newtonian fluids can lead to a variety of difficulties including most importantly changes in viscosity during packaging process. In order to give more understanding in this phenomena, the effect of temperature to the viscosity of chili sauce during packaging is investigated. This paper also presents the influence of three different shape of nozzles to the chili sauce flow behavior during filling time. A transient simulation has been conducted in this work using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS CFX 15.0. It was found that viscosity is inversely proportional with temperature drop and time. The filling time also improved when using bigger conical angle of the nozzle. The results indicate the increased in production of the chili sauce and improve packaging process.
Abstract. Forensic building is needed to examine the affected building structure components to assess the structural integrity. This paper highlights some of the studies involved on affected concrete structures in various building types where the non-destructive test (NDT) and destructive tests. The structural integrity can be evaluated based on the extent of deterioration from the experimental results for instance the cause of the corrode reinforcements was due to inadequate concrete cover, whereas the failure of the concrete wall was due to structures' under design which leads to the collapse of the wall. The condition of the floor slab that experience vibration was assessed from the Laser Doppler Vibrator test (LDV). Based on the test results the peak acceleration of the particular floor slab is higher.
An experimental work was carried out to study the influence of impressed current on residual bond strength of corroded specimens. In accelerated corrosion process, two different current densities 0.08 mA/cm2 and 0.4 mA/cm2 were used which identified as ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ current. Beam end type bond specimens reinforced with 10 mm and 16 mm bar diameter were prepared for the bond test. Stirrups were provided along the main bar. Corrosion level of the main reinforcement was limited to 8% theoretical section loss. Other parameter such as the location of the test bar (corner and centre location) was also considered. The results indicate a significant influence of impressed current on the crack width with the ‘fast’ current tended to have wider crack than the ‘slow’ current. The influence on bond strength and other related parameters are being discussed.
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