Resumen• Propósito: Descripción de dos casos de sarcomas en mujeres que recibieron tamoxifeno después del tratamiento quirúrgico de cáncer de mama.• Material y métodos: Se describen dos casos de dos mujeres de 74 y 53 años que recibieron tratamiento con 20 mg diarios de tamoxifeno después del tratamiento quirúrgico de un cáncer de mama. Cuatro y dos años después de iniciar el tratamiento, desarrollaron un tumor Mülleriano mixto maligno heterólogo (Estadio III) y un sarcoma del estroma endometrial (Estadio I).• Discusión: Los carcinosarcomas y otros sarcomas uterinos son raros, y ocurren en menos del 4% de los tumores uterinos. En la mayoría de los estudios se refieren tasas altas de estos tumores en mujeres postmenopáusicas, con cáncer de mama, tratadas con tamoxifeno, en comparación a las no tratadas, especialmente aquellas expuestas a largos periodos de tratamiento.
There is a low rate of intraoperatory and 6 months after the repair in the reconstructive surgery of pelvic floor for the urogenital prolapses using polypropylene meshes, which makes this technique a secure and effective option for the treatment of this problem.
Non-Amazonian South America has one of the highest rates of conversion of native ecosystems globally. Most of the studies investigating the climate impacts of these changes focus on the Amazon while the possible influences that these changes may have on climate of non-Amazonian regions have received less attention. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impacts of land use and land cover on the mean and extreme climate of non-Amazonian South America by conducting modelling experiments for pre-clearing (before year 1500) and present (year 2005) land covers. It develops new data sets of changes in land surface characteristics for this period and applies a high resolution regional climate model to simulate the potential impacts of changes in natural vegetation cover.The thesis begins by providing a theoretical framework of land-atmosphere interactions. It then reviews the process of land use and land cover change and subsequent climatic consequences in non-Amazonian South America and identifies those ecosystems most affected and least studied. Nature Geoscience Letters.
RESUMENVALORACIÓN DE LA EFICACIA DE LA MALLA DE POLIPROPILENO EN LA REPARACIÓN DEL PROLAPSO UROGENITAL EN 106 PACIENTES Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de las mallas de polipropileno en la corrección del prolapso urogenital. Material y método: estudio retrospectivo, no randomizado sobre 106 pacientes que desde Abril de 2005 a Enero de 2007 se sometieron a corrección de diferentes tipos de prolapso urogenital mediante malla de polipropileno. El seguimiento se realizó mediante visitas en consulta a los 2 y 6 meses. Las variables a analizadas fueron: edad, paridad, presencia de menopausia, tipo de intervención, tiempos quirúrgicos y de hospitalización y complicaciones. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: La edad media fue de 64,4 años. De las 106 pacientes, 97 eran multíparas (91,51%) y 98 habían pasado la menopausia (92,45%). La intervención mayoritaria fue la colocación de una malla anterior con banda libre de tensión para la corrección de la incontinencia urinaria asociada representando un 34,90% del total. Se obtuvo una tasa global de complicaciones intraoperatorias del 2,83%, inmediatas del 37,73% y tardías del 21,69%. La tasa de éxito del procedimiento a los 6 meses estuvo entre 80-100% según el tipo de intervención. Conclusiones: Existe una baja tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias y a los 6 meses en las cirugías de reparación del suelo pélvico en los prolapsos urogenitales con la malla de polipropileno, considerando este método como una opción eficaz y muy segura para el tratamiento esta patología.Palabras clave: Prolapso. Cistocele. Incontinencia. ABSTRACT EFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF POLYPROPYLENE MESH IN THE REPAIR OF UROGENITAL PROLAPSEIN 106 PATIENTS Objetive: to evaluate the efficacy and security of polypropylene meshes in the repair of urogenital prolapse. Material and method: retrospective and non-randomized study in 106 patients which had different kinds of urogenital prolapse repaired using polypropylene meshes between April 2005 and January 2007. The follow-up was carried out by two visits to the hospital, 2 and 6 months after surgery. The variables analyzed were age, parity, menopause presence, kind of surgical technique, surgical time, time at hospital and complications. Afterwards, the information was analyzed descriptively.Results: average age was 64.4 years. The rate of multiparity and menopause women was 91.51% and 92.45% respectively. The most used surgical technique was the anterior mesh with tension-free band (34.90%), to repair the associated urinary incontinence. The rate of intraoperatory complications was 2.83%, immediate complications was 37.73% and late complications was 21.69%. The success rate after 6 months was 80-100% depending on the technique.Conclusions: there is a low rate of intraoperatory and 6 months after the repair in the reconstructive surgery of pelvic floor for the urogenital prolapses using polypropylene meshes, which makes this technique a secure and effective option for the treatment of this problem.
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