The increasing prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) worldwide is an issue of major socioeconomic concern. DM is a complex and a multifarious group of disorders that disturbs the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of DM, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects of alpha-mangostin in STZ-induced diabetic mice. We conducted the study using the male BALB/C mice. The mice were divided into two groups: the normal control (KN) and the STZ-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was performed using multiple low-doses of 30 mg/kg bw injected for five consecutive days. The diabetic mice were grouped again into three subgroups: diabetic control (KD), metformin HCL treated diabetic mice (KM), and diabetic mice which were treated using alpha-mangostin at 2 mg/kg bw (P1), 4 mg/kg bw (P2), and 8 mg/kg bw (P3). Before and after STZ injection, the blood glucose and the cholesterol levels were observed. The blood glucose and the cholesterol levels were also measured on the 1 st , 7 th , and 14 th day of alpha-mangostin treatments. Treatment was given for 14 days. At the 15 th day, the pancreases were collected and then processed into histological slides. The results of this experimental study indicated that alpha-mangostin has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities which can ameliorate the damaged islets of Langerhans in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Therefore, we concluded that alphamangostin is a promising antidiabetic and antilipidemic agent due to its antioxidant activity.
Objectives
Native Bacillus thuringiensis BK5.2, isolated from soil of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia, has been shown to be toxic against Aedes aegypti larvae. This study aims to determine the strength and the speed of the toxicity of B. thuringiensis BK5.2 against A. aegypti larvae in lethal concentration (LC) and lethal time (LT), as well as detection of toxin structure and parasporal inclusion.
Methods
LC values were determined by the mortality of A. aegypti third instar larvae after 24 and 48 h exposure to five various concentrations of B. thuringiensis BK5.2, while LT values were determined based on the mortality of A. aegypti third instar larvae due to exposure to LC90 concentration at 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 10; 20; 24; and 48 h. Larvicidal toxicity was determined based on value of LC50 and LC90 (CFU/mL), as well as LT50 and LT90 (hours) analysed with Probit analysis. Parasporal inclusion was detected using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Results
Based on bioassay, LC50 and LC90 values were 11.6 × 106 and 22.7 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively, at 24 h exposure, as well as 8.3 × 106 and 15.4 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively, at 48 h exposure, while the value of LT50 and LT90 were 19.0 and 26.6 h, respectively. Morphological observation of the dead larvae showed there was damage on abdomen and thorax region. Detection by TEM and SEM showed there was cuboidal parasporal inclusion.
Conclusions
Native B. thuringiensis BK5.2 has high toxicity against A. aegypti larvae and detected flatcuboidal toxin in parasporal inclusion.
BROWSE VOLUMESGas chromatography-mass spectrometry of ethyl palmitate calibration and resolution with ethyl oleate as biomarker ethanol sub acute in urine application study
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